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(7 December, 1576) this body reversed the sentence, acquitted de Le6n, and ordered his chair to be given back to him, but warned him to be more cautious in his teaching. He renounced the chair, however, for the time being, in favour of the professor who had filled it during his absence, and was satisfied with pe- cimiary compensation and supplementary teaching.

In 1582 he got into fresh difficulties with the Inquisi- tion, having in some points opposed the doctrine of St. Augustine on predestination. He was summoned be- fore the high inquisitor at Toledo and warned to be more circumspect. He was appointed by the Uni- versity of Salamanca a member of the committee on the reformation of the calendar, but in 1587 he re- fused to act on the commission for correction of the Vulgate, declaring that by comparing the present version with the original one would get further away from the Hebrew.

He was appointed provincial of his order a few days before his death. lie left many works, published in six volumes (Madrid, 1806-1816). The first five con- tained his theological writings, of which the most im- portant are BibUcal commentaries superior to any of nis time (on Abdias, Jol), the Epistle to the Galatians, and the Canticle of Canticles). The sixth volume contains his vernacular writings; **La pcrfecta cas- ada" (The Perfect Housewife); '^Delos nombres de CYisto'^ a metrical version of the Canticle of Canti- cles (employed against him on his trial), versions of the Eclogues and the Georgics of Virgil, versions of thirty odes of Horace, of forty psalms, and a few orig- inal odes, the most cclebratect of which are: "The Prophecy of the Tagus", "The Life of the Fields'*, "The Serene Night", "Hymn on the Ascension". "La pcrfecta casada", one of the gems of sixteenth century pedagogical literature, has recently been ed- ited by Elizabeth Wallace (Chicago University De- cennial Publications, 1903); for a French version see Jane Dieulafoy "La Parfaite Epouse" (Paris, 1904). Despite a certain unevenness of style Luis de Le6n is one of the greatest masters of Castilian lyric poetry. His virile national spirit, at once religioas ana patri- otic, and his rare classical purity, magnanimity, and sure judgment conspire to save him from effeminacy,

affectation, and pedantrv.

Obraa del M. Fr. Luis de Iron (Madrid, 1804-16); Proc€«a original nur la In'juiHcuin hizo al M. Fr. Luiz de Leon in Colrc- ci^n tie Documentos in^diloa paro la historia de Espafta, X, XI (Midrid. 1817): Gonzalrs de Tbjada, Vuia de Fray Luis de Ledn (Madrid, 1863): Getino, Vida y processor del MaMtro F. Lw'zde L6on (Salamanca. 1907) ; Ticknor, History of Spanish Liteniturc (Benton, 1864); Ford, Luis de Let'm, the Spanish Poet, Humanist, and Mystic in Public Mod. Lang, Assoc, of America, XIV, no. 2; Hurtek, Nomenclator.

Antoine Degert.

Leonard!, Giovanni, Blessed. See Clerks Reg- ular OF THE Mother of God of Lucca.

Leonardo da Vinci. See Vinci, Leonardo da.

Leonard of Chios, b. at an uncertain date on the Island of Cliios, then under Genoese domination; d. in Chios or in Italy, 1482. He himself savs he was of humble parents. He entered the Dominican Order in Chios, and after profesvsion was sent to Padua for his philosophical ana theological studies. After ordination ne taught at both Padua and Genoa, then at the re- quest of Maria Justiniani returned to his native island, and was made Bisnop of Mytileno on the island of Lesboe by Eugene IV. Emperor Constantine Palae- ologus had sent a request to the pope, asking that efforts be made to effect a union between the Latin and Greek Churches: for this purpose Leonard was selected to accompany L«idorc, Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina, to Constantinople. Some degree of success was attained through tneir efforts, and a treaty was ratified in December, 1452. However, the Greeks re- fused the aid of the Latin troops, and in the follow- ing year Leonard was a witness to the devastation of the city by Mohammed II. Leonard and the cardinal

were miraculously spared from the slaughter which ensued, the latter returning to Rome and Leonard to his diocese. From Chios he wrote to the pope a de- tailed account of the fall of Constantinople in a let- ter, which is often reprinted by liistorians (" Historia captse a Turcis Constantinopolis," Nuremberg, 1544; P. G., CLIX, 923 sq.; Lonicer, "Chronica Turcica", I, Frankfurt, 1578; "De capta a Mehemete II. Con- stantinopoli Leonardi Chiensis et Godefredi Langi nar- rationes," ed. L'Ecuy, Paris, 1823). He governed his diocese for the next three years, until Lesboe also fell and he was taken captive to Constantinople. He obtained his freedom the following year, and imme- diately wrote the pope a description of the sack of his diocese (" Leonardi Chiensis de Lesbo a Turcis capta epistola Pio Papa> II missa", ed. Hopf, Kdnigsb^f^ 1866). His best-known writings are the two letters mentioned above and an apologetical tract in answer to the humanist Poggio. Both tracts with biograph- ical sketches were edited by Michael Justinian (Avila, 1657). There is reason to believe that many of hia letters remain unedited in the Vatican Library.

EoHARD AND Ou^iF, Scriptorcs O. p., II, 816; Strsbkb in Kirchmlex.t s. v. Lconhard von Chios; Hopf, op. cit.

Ignatius S&aTH.

Leonard of Limousin, Saint. — Nothing abso- lutely certain is known of his history, as his earliest " Life ", written in the eleventh century, has no histori- cal value whatever. According to this extraordinary legend, Leonard belonged to a noble Frankish family of the time of King Clovis, and St. Remy of Reims was his godfather. After having secured from the king the release of a great number of prisoners, and refusea episcopal honours which Clovis offered him, he entered a monastery at Micy near Orleans. Later he went to Aouitaine and there preached the Gospel. Hav- ing oI)tained, through prayer, a safe delivery for the Queen of tlie Franks in her confinement, he received as a gift from the king a domain at Noblac, near Li- moges, where he founded a monastery. The veneration paid this saint is as widely known as his history is ob- scure and uncertain. It is true that there is no trace of it before the eleventh century, but from that time it spread ever^'where, and little by little churches were aedicate<i to liim, not only in France, but in all Western Europe, especially in England, Belgium, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, more partio- utarly in Bavaria, and also in Bohemia, Poland, and other countries. Pilgrims, among them kings, princes, and high dignitaries of the Church, flocked to No- blac (now St. Leonard). Numerous miracles are a^ trihutcd to him, and in one small town alone, Inchen- hofen, Bavaria, from the fourteenth to the eighteenth century, there are records of about 4000 favours granted through his intercession. The saint wrought the deliverance of captives, women in confinement, those possessed of an evil spirit, people and beasts afflicted with diseases. At the end of the eleventh century his name had already become renowned among the Crusaders captured by the Mussulmans. He is generally represented holding chains in his

hands. His feast day is celebrated on 6 November.

PoNCELET in Ada S^., November, III, 139-209; see also Chevalier, Bio-Bibl., s. v. A. PONCEUDT.

Leonard of Port Maurice, Saint, preacher and ascetic writer, b. 20 Dec., 1676, at Porto Maurizio on the Riviera di Ponente; d. at the monastery of S. Bona Ventura, Rome, 26 Nov., 1751. The son of Dom- enico Casanova and Anna Maria Benza, he joined, after a brilliant course of study with the Jesuits in Rome (Collegio Romano), the so-called Riformella, an off- shoot of the Ref ormati branch of the Franciscan Order (see Friars Minor, II, P, (2)]. On 2 October, 1697, he received the habit, and, after making Ins no- vitiate at Ponticelli in the Sabine mountains, he completed his studies at the principal house of the