Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/177

 Hftdeleine. Garakonti^ eloquently eulogised his un- daunted courage and eminent virtues.

RorHEUONTT.ii. Lm JfiuUet rl la NoaitUe Pnnce (Pftris, lB9fl);CAJipr— - "- "-' ' ■•— ' ' ^^-/u— 17— ..

L, Pioneer FrieMt 0/ A'l

AmerwH^iew-y

Lamuel. See Lamuel.

L'Enf&nt, Pierre-Charles, engineer, b. in France, Atigust, 1755: d. near Bladensburg, Maryland, U. S. A., 4 June, 1833. He was educated as an engineer and joined Lafayette aa a. volunteer to help the revolted American colonists in 1777. Appointed a captain of engineers on 18 Feb., 1778, and brevet major on 2 May, 1783, in Washiagton'a army, he did valiant service during the Revolutionary War. At its close he remodelled the old City Hall in New York tor the meeting of the First Congress, and later arranged the Federal Hall in Philadelphia. When the site for the Federal city was finally adopted, he spent much of bia time during the year 1791 considering a plan for the new city, which he finally drew up with the title : " Plan of the City, intended for the Permanent Seat of the Government of the United States. Projected agreeable to the direction of the President of the United States in pursuance of an act of Congress passed the sixteentb day of July, MDCCXC, establish- mgthe Permanent Seat ontheuank of the Potomac". L'Enfant had a quick temper and an overbearing dis- poeition^ and, as he quarrelled with his superiors before his plans could be carried out, President Wash- ington dismiB-scd him from the service on 1 March, 1TO2. He refused an appropriation offered him for his work on the plan for the Capitol, and also the ap- pointment of professor of engineering at the Military Academv, West Point. During the War of 1812 with England he set to work constructing fortifications near Waahington, but again i^uarrelled with his superior officers, and through pique left the service. He haunted the doors of Congress for years with applica- tions for recompense for his work that were never heeded. Poor and forgotten he spent the rest of his days at the home of his friena, William Dudley Digges, near Bladensburg, Maryland, and his body was buried there. In April, 1900, in accordance witn an Act of Congress, the remains of Major L'Enfant were removed from liis grave in Maiyland, and, after lying in state for a short time in the Capitol at Wash- ington, were reinterred in the National Cemetery at Arlington with the ceremonies of the Church and the oulitary honours due to his rank in the Continental Army.

Varmuu, Tilt SmI o/ Gorimmml of the V. S. IWruhinglon. IBM); Amervan Calli. Hit. Rararrhtr. (Philmlelnhia, jHnuarv, 1907): MuHAN in Amrrira (New York. 1 SUy, igou); Enevd.

Thomas F. Mebhan.

Mai

BeedREAT Falu), Dioowb

Leniug, Adau Franz, theolotciun, b. 3 Dec. 1S03. at Mainz; d, there, '12 Nov., l.SCG. He studied at Bouchsal under the private tutursliip of llie ex-Jesuit Lauren tius Doller, and afterwardaat the bishop'sgym- nasium at Miiinz. Ilciu); too young for ordination, he went to Paris to study Oriental languages under Syl- vestre de Sacy, tlicn to Rome for a higher course in theology. Here he was ordained priest, 22 Sept., 1827, and tiien taught for a year at Mainz. I^ennig was a strenuous defender of the rights of the Church, and vhen on 30 Jan., 1 8;(0. the Hessian Government, which for quite a time had been trying to interfere in church matters, passed thirty-nine articles on ecclesiastical administration, be eent tliem to Rome. Rome sent back a protest, but, since the bishops remained silent, and since Bi.sliop Burjc of Mainz even defended the articles, Lennig left for Bonn, and attended the lec- tures of Sailer, Windiscbmano, and Klee. In June, 1832, he accepM th« pastorate of Gaulsheim, declin-

>0 LKirOEBSAirT

ing to take the chair of theology and exegesis at Haint. In 1839 he was made pastor at Seligenstadt. Bishop Kaiser of Mainz in 1845 promoted him to the cathe- dral chapter. InMarch, 1848, heestablLshed the "PiuB- verein", which did much good among the Catholics of Germany. He organized the first meeting of Cath- olic societies and of Catholics in general, held at Mainz, October, 1848. In the same montii he was present at the meeting of the German bishops at Wilrzbui^. acting as representative of his bishop, who was ill. About this time he founded at great ex-

gjnse the "Mainzer Journal". After the death of ishop Kaiser (30 Dec, 1848), troubles arose about the choice of a successor. Lennig was acknowledged by all as a leader of true Christian spirit and suffered much abuse from the Liberals. In 1852 he was made vicar-genera! by Bishop von Ketteler, and in 1858 dean of the chapter. He zealously assisted bis bishop in bringing the Capuchins and Jesuits into the diocese. In 1854 he was in Rome at the definition ot the Im- maculate Conception, and later visited Rome twice. In 1859 he wrote a protest against the spoliation of the Holy See, and had it eiRned by 20,000 Catholics. He was undoubtedly one of the most mfluential and zealous German pnesis of his day. I.ennig pub- lished in 1849 his Panegyric on Bishop Kaiser", and in 1802 his "Funeral Oration on the Archduchess Mnthildc of IIcssc". His meditationson the Passion and on the Our Father and Hail Mary were published 1867 and 1869 by his nephew, Chr. Moufang.

BnltcK.Arfam from Imnitf. etc. (Maim, 1870): AOt.DivtKhe Bionr.. XVIII, 261: Kalholik, 1887, 1. 267; TtVi-t. Bitehof tmt KetUler (.Maim. 18tl»). pasiim; Mat. Cexh. drr Generalver- Mmm.'. d>T Kalh. DeulidS. (Cologne, 1M)4). 22, 26, 33.

Francis Mebshmak.

Paris, 1 Jimc, 1802; d. at Athens, 24 Nover After pursuing his studies at the Lyc€e Charlemagne and the Lyc^e Napoleon, he took up law, but a visit to Italy and Sicily (1822-23) made him an enthusias- tic archffiologist. In 1825 he was named sub-inspec- tor of fine arts and a few months later married Amelia

of the celebrated Mme RScamier. He visited Italy, Bekium, Holland, aad accompanie<J Champollion to Egypt, where he devoted himself to the stuily of architectural works. Later he travelled through Greece as assistant director of the archieological department of the Morea scien- tific commission. On his return he was appointed cu- rator of the works of art in the royal palaces (1829). In 1835 he was Guizot's substitute at the Sorlxinnc. Although the chair was that of modern history, he lectured chiefly on ancient history, more especially on the origins of Greek civiliBation. In 1836 he was ap-

E Dinted curator of printed books in the Royal Li- mry, and in 1839 was elected member of the Acad- emy. In 1840 he was made curator of the Cabinet of Medals. Guizot, who became minister of foreign af- faire in 1841, sent him on a mission to Greece. On re- turning from this second \i3it to the East he continued his lectures at the Sorbonne, and made a particular study of Christian civilization in its sourees. This study maile of him a true ('hristian, and from that