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by prelates of the House of LuxemburRi and froml519 to 1537 by their cousin, Louis de murbon. Jean, Cardinal du Bellay, Dean of the Sacred College, was bishop from 1546 to 1556; and Bouvier, the theo- lo^n, from 1834 to 1854.

During the episcopate of St. Berecharius (655-70) the body of St. Scholastica was brought from the monastery of Fleury to Le Mans; the monastery erected to shelter the remains of the saint was de- stroyed by the Northmen in the second half of the ninth century. A portion of her relics was brought in 874 by the Empress Richilda to the monastery of Juvigny les Dames. The remaining portion was conveyed to the interior of the citadel and placed in the apse of the collegiate church of St. Pierre la Cour, which served the counts of Maine as a domestic chapel. The fire that destroved Le Mans 3 Sep- temper, 1134, also consumed the shrine of St. Scho- lastica, and only a few calcined bones were left. On 11 July, 1464, a confraternity was erected in honour of St. Scholastica, and on 23 November, 1876, she was officially proclaimed patroness of Le Mans. The Jesuit college of La Fldche, founded in 1603 by Henry IV. enjoyed a great reputation for a century and a half, and Maraiial de Gu^briant, Descartes. Father Mersenne, Prince Eugene of Savoy, ana 84guier were all numbered among its students. The Dominican convent of Le Mans, begun about 1219, in fact during the lifetime of St. Dominic, was emi- nently prosperous, thanks to the benefactions of John of Troeren, an English lord; the theologian Nicolas Coeffeteau, who died in 1623, was one of its glories, prior to becoming Bishop of Marseilles. The Kevolution swept away this convent.

The diocese honours in a special manner as saints: Peregrinus, Marcoratus, and Viventianus, martyrs; Hilary of Oiz4, nephew of St. Hilary of Poitiers (in the fifth centuiy); Bonuner, Almirus, Leonard, and Ulphace, hermits; Gault, Front, and Brice, soli- taries and previously monks of Micy; Fraimbault, hermit, foimder of a small monastery in the valley of Gabrone; Calais, hermit and founder of the monasterv of Anisole, from whom the town of SaintrCalais took its name; Laumer. successor to St. Calais; Guingalois or Gu^nol^, foimaer of the monastery of Landevenec in Brittany, whose relics are venerated at Ch&teau du Loir; all m the sixth century: Rigomer, monk at Soulign^, and T^ncstine, his penitent, both of whom were acquitted before Childebert, through the mira- cle of Palaiseau, of accusations made against them (d. about 560); Longis, solitary, and Onofletta, his penitent; Siviard, Abbot of Anisole and author of the life of St. Calais (d. 681); the Irish St. C^rota, and her mistress Osmana, daughter of a king^f Ireland, died a solitary near St-Brieuc, in the seventh century; M^n^l^, and Savinian (d. about 720), natives of Pr^ dga^f who repaired to Auvergne to found the Abbey oi M^nat, on the ruins of the hermitage where St. Ca- lais had formerly lived; there is also a particular devo- tion in Le Mans to Blessed Ralph deLa Fustaye, monk (twelfth century) ,disciple of Blessed Robert d' Arbrissel and founder of the Aboey of St. Sulpice, in the forest of Nid de Merle in the Diocese of Rennes. The cele- brated Abbot de Ranc^ made his novitiate at the Abbey of Persaigne in the Diocese of Le Mans. Also there may be mentioned as natives of the diocese, TTrbain Grandier, the celebrated cur6 of Loudun, burned to death for sorcery in 1634; and Mersenne, the Minim (d. 1648), philosopher and mathematician and friend of Descartes and Pascal. The cathedral of St. Julian of Mans, rebuilt towards the year 1100, exhibits specimens of all styles of architecture up to the fifteenth century, its thirteenth-century cnoir being one of the most remarkable in France. The church of Notre-Dame de la Couture dates from the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries. The Abbey of Solesmes, founded by €leo£FroydeSabl^

in 993 and completed in 1095, has a thirteentli- century church which is a veritable muaeum of sculp- tures of the end of the fifteenth and sixteenth cen- turies. Its "Entombment of Christ", in terra cotta, is famous; the Magdalen m the group, already cele- brated even in the fifteenth century for its beauty, attracted the attention of Richelieu, who thought of having it broiight to Paris. Several sculptures de- picting scenes in the life of the Blessed Virgin fonn a series unique in France..

Pilgrimages to Notre-Dame de Toutes Aides at Saint-Remy du Plein, Notre-Dame de La Faigne at Pontvallain, and Notre-Dame des Bois at La Suze, date back to primitive times. The chapel of Notre- Dame de Torc^, erected in the sixth century, has been much frequented by pilgrims since the eleventh cen- tury. Besides these places of pilgrimage may be mentioned those of Notre-Dame de La bit at 6om- front, and of Notre-Dame du Ch6ne at Vion, near Sabld, which can be traced to 1494. It was estab- lished in the place where in former times Urban II had preached the crusade.

Pnor to the application of the .\ssociations law of 1901, there were m the Diocese ^{ Le Mans, Capuchins, Jesuits, and the monks of Solesmes, where^ through the efforts of Dom Gu^ranger, a Bencdictme house of the Congregation of France was founded in 1833. Several .congregations of women originated in the diocese; the nuns of Notre-Dame de TAv^ at La Fl^he, a teaching order, founded in 1622; the Sisters of the Visitation Sainte Marie, at Le Mans, a contem- plative order founded in 1634; the Sisters of St. Joseph at La Fl^he, a nursing order, founded in 1636; the Sisters of Uharity of Providence, devoted to teaching and hospital work, founded in 1806 by Abb^ Dujari^, the mother-house being at Ruill^sur- Loir; the Sisters of the Child Jesus, teachers and nurses, founded in 1835, with their mother-house at Le Mans; the Marianite Sisters of the Holy Cross, founded in 1841, with their mother-house at Le Mans and important educational institutions in New York and Louisiana; the Benedictine nuns of the Con- gre^tion of France known as the Benedictines of St. Cecilia, founded at Solesmes in 1867 by Dom Gu^r- anger and Mother Cecilia. At the close of the nine- teenth century the following institutions in the dio- cese were under the direction of religious: 3 infants' asylums, 39 infants' schools, 1 boys' orphanage, 10 girls' orphanages, 3 industrial schools, 2 houses of shelter, 2 reformatories, 32 hospitals or hospices, 12 private hospitals and retreats, 1 asylum for idiots, 1 asylum for the blind, 1 asylum for insane women and 8 homes for the aged. In 1905 (the last year of the concordatory regime), the Diocese of Le Mans had a population of 422,699, with 38 parishes, 350 chapels of ease, and 111 curacies subventioned by the State.

OaUia chriHiana (nova, 1856), XIV. 338-432; inahnimenta, 09-142; LoTTiN and Cauvin, Cartularium innan%§ tcduim ctnomanenM, quod dicilur liber albua capitvli (I^e Mans, 1869); Geata Aldrici, ed. Charles and Froger (Mamers, 1889); Dn- CHB8NE, Faatea ^aeopaux, II (Paris, 1900). 309, 340; Haybt, (Euvrea, 1 (Paris. 1900). 275-317; Bcsson and Lbdru, Adut poniificum Cenomanni* in vrbe degeniium (liC Mans, 1901); db Brousillon. Carirdaire de VH^chS— 996-1790 (Le Mans, 1900): Chambois, R^ertoire historique et biographiqtie du diockte du Mane (Le Mans, 1896); Ledru, La cathMraU Saint-^tdien du Man», »ee Hiquee, eon archilectttre, ton mobilier (Mamere, 1900); Lavdb. Recherchee aur lea ptlerinagra manceaux (Le Mans, 1899); Heurtebizb and Triger. iSaVntr Scholantique, patnmne de ki viUe du Mana (Solesmes. 1897); Cosnard, Hiatoire du cottvent dee frhrea prichettra du Mana (Le Mnns, 1879); CartuUnre dee abhayee de Saint-Pierre de La Couture el de Saint-Pierre de Soleamea, published by the Benedictines of Solesmes (Le Mans, 1881): DB La Trbmblatb, Soleamea. lea aculpturea de VigUe9 abbatiale, 1496-166S (Solesmes, 1892); de KocHEifONTBnc, Un eollhtje de jHuitea au 17* et 18* Si^cUa: le rolUge Henri IV d§ La FUche, 4 vols. (Le Mans, 1889); Chevalier, Tbpo-Wbtio- graphie, pp. 1832-33. GeORGBS GoTAU.

iMBlberff seat of a Latin, a Uniat Ruthenian, and a Uniat Armenian archbishopric. The city is called Lwow in Polish, Leopol in latinised Poliflh,