Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/170

 n^tod after the author's death with many additions and correctioos by Leloug and by his coiifr^re, Des- moleta, who prefixed the life from which we draw our (acta (2 vols., fol., Paris, 172;j). The last and best

._._ .arly modern literature concerning them.

lielong also wrote a "Discoura biat4>ru|uc sur L'sprin- cipalea editioiude^ Biltles polyglottut" (PurLj, l7l:i). IIh other work, which aliows hia variety of tastea and has proved very useful to studentsof French history, ia entitled " Biblioth('<{uc historique de la l''ranee, con- tenant le catoloKue dcs ouvraRes imprimis et manu- sorits i|ui traitent de I'histuirc de ce royaume, ou qui y ODt mpport, avec dcs notes critiques et hiutoriques" (ParU, X719).

La Lontre, Lol'ih- Joseph, missionarv to I he Mio> mac Indians und Vicar-General of Acadia under the Biabop orQuiljec, b. in France about Itt'.tlJ: A. there about 1770. He was a conspicuous figure in Nova Seotia in Uie middln of the eiKhteenth century, and his portrait as drawn l>y some writers lends colour to the charge that history is often a conspiracy ai^iinst truth. Anxioiu to juiitify the memoral>le iie|Hirtation of the Acadianu in 1755, portion annalist^j and chron- iclera of the {>eriocl represi^nt Le Loutre as the evil genius and tvrant of the Aeadiuns, the sworn enemjr of the En(iish, iind -.i pastiir who threatened with ex- comraunicution and with mussiicre l)y his Iniliana all who favoured measures of reconcihation with the Englinh Government. Better accredited hi.'itoriana, however, such as Haliburton, acknowledge that thi^

Picture of the abl>£ is mom caricature than portrait. he truth appears to l)e that Le Loutre was a typical French missionary of forceful character ami iriitmtive, with a natural desire, sii long as the matter was in digputxt, to hold the Acadiana to their alle|;i:ince to France: that he showed himself more than once un ex- cellent friend of imlividiial Englishmen in their time of need; and that his accompanying the Miemiies on seveni expeditions against the English, expiililions which he had done his best to prevent, was tor the nolo purpose of restmining the cruelty and vengeimce of his Indian Hock. A letter sent in 1757 by the Bishop of Quebec to the AbM of I'Isle-Diou pmclaims Lo Loutm lo have l>een " irreproachable in every respect, both in the functions of his sacred ministrv and in the part he took in the temporal affairs of the colony". Captured by the English while on the way to France, Lc Loutre was held prisoner by them for some ^ate in the Isle of Jersey; on his release he returned to France, where a few years later he died.

HAUauBTOH, Hiaoru of iVo™ Sailwi (Halifiu, 1862); Ricd- inn, Aeailia ilHOi}; Boukuej.u, Iliilairr Ju Canada (Mou-

ir™l 1903). ABTHnR Babhv O'Neill.

the Acts make St. Julianus one of the seventy-two ilLsciples of Christ and state that he arrived at Le MuiLH with two companions: Turibius, who became bishop under Antoninus (laS-lOl), and Pavatius who was bishop under Maximinua {235-238) and under Aureiian (270-275), in which event, Pavatius would have lived over two hundred years. Liborius, suc- cessor of Pavatius, woulii have been the contemporary of Valentinian (364-375). These chronological ab- surdities of tile Acts liave Icfl Mgr Duchrane to conclude that the first Bisliop of Le Mans whose episcopate can bo dated with certainty is Victurius, who attended the C-ouneils of Angers and of Tours, in -!53 and 401, and to whom Gregory ot Tmirs alludes

Le HuiB, Diocese of (Ci

KTscs the entire Department ot Sarthe. Prior to the evolution it included ri36 parishes and was one of ihe most extensive dioceses of France; at the time of the Concordat of 1X01, it lost some parishes in A'end6mois and Normandy, and acquired some in Anjou. The Diocese of Le Mans embraced 665 com- munes from then up to the year IS55, when the De- partment of Mayenne was detached from it to form the Diocese of Laval. The origin of the Diocese of Le Hans has given rise to very complicated discus- rions among scholars, based on the value of the "Gesta domni Aldriei ",and of the " .\ctU8 Ponlificum Cenoraannis in urbc degentium", both compiled dur- ing the episcopate of Aldric (R.12-S57). The " fiesta " rdate that Aldric had the bodies of Saints Julianus, l^bius, Pavatius, Roman us, Liborius. and Ha- ddlDdua, first bishops of Mans, brought to his cathedral;

as "a venerable confessor". Turibius who, according to the .Acts, WHS thesucceesorof Julianus, was, on the contrarv. i^uccessor to Victurius and occupied the see from 4!K) to 400.

Among the nuhsequent bishopH of!« M:ios are meiitiontsl the following saints: Principius (41)7-511), InnocentiuB (5;)2-J3), Domnolus (5tiO-Sl), Bertech- ramnus or Bertram (587-623), founder of the Abbey of Notre-Dame de la Couture, Uadoindus (623-,^), Berecharius or B^raire (655-70), and Aldric (832-.'>7). If we admit the theory according to which the False Decretals were compiled at Le Mans by the author of the "Actus pontificum", then Aldric must have used the?c false documents a!i a weapon against the institution of the chorepiscopi and also against the pretensions of the Breton usurper Nomenoe lo the ecclesiastical province of Tours. It was Aldric who had the relics of St. Liborius conveyed to Paderlwm. Other bishops were: Blessed Geoffroy de I,ouilun (1234-55), wnnm Gregory IX made papal legate for the entire Kingdom of France, and who, in 1251, con- secrated the cathedral of Le Mane and foundivl the superb monastery of Notre-Dame rlu i'arc d'Orquea, where he was interred and where miraele-i were wrought at his tomb; and Martin Bemiwr [!l-^'2-67), who left a memoir written in defence of .Inwn of Arc From 1468 to 1619 the See of T.c IXari^ w:f« occupied