Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/125

 LEAD 98 LSAOTJS

<allecl to-day the Saintes^MarieS. It is related that }084) ; Faili.on, Man. in6d. »ur VapostoUU de 8te, Maris Mad»

ttey separated there to go and preach the Gospel in 'r^^%^f:;^o^,6r<t^ttio'l^Hti iS^^^nf&t.

different parts of the south-east of Gaul. Lazarus of lena et Martha in Provindam appulau ditaertatio (Paris. 1 Wl);

whom alone we have to treat here, went to Marseilles, »■ Mazenod. Preuves de la misnon de S. Latare h MareeiUe m

and, having converted a number of its inhabitants to iPIi^^^^i^ A^'AZi^liwiF'^Vp^i' ^i^a^^^'qI^S*^^'

/-»! ._.. -i.^ 1 xi- * /! A X -nv • xi- Mem, pour eervtr a I ntat. ecciee., II (Fans, 1694), 32—4: L. Du-

Chnstiamty, became their first pastor. During the chesnb. Faeies Spise. de Vane. Gaule, I (Paris, 1894), 324-6.

first persecution under Nero he hid himself in a crypt, 341-4; Mosm, S. Laware et 8. Maximin, donnfea nouvMee eur

over which the celebrated Abbey of St-Victor was con- SSTd^Ti^STrF^iSef F^f^^^ Um^i"^ '''"• ^ ""

structed m the fifth century. In this same crjyt he if^^ Cluonet. was interred, when he shed his blood for the Faith.

During the new persecution of Domitian he was cast Lead, Diocese of (Leadensis), which was estab-

into pnson and beheaded ma spot which is believed Hshed on 6 August, 1902, comprises aU that part of

to be identical with a cave beneath the pnson Saint- the State of South bakota (U. S. A.) west of thTMis-

Lazare. His body was later tmi^lated to Autun, gouri River-an area of 4L759 square miles. The

and buned m the cathedral of that town. But the residence of the bishop is at Hot Sprmgs. The tern-

ftiuup, tuia tiauuiuii, wmuii vvc« uuiieveu lur »everui the Uatholic Indians of the Sioux Reservations. As centuries and which still finds some advocates, has first bishop, the Very Rev. John N. Stariha, Vicar- no sohd foundation. It is m a wnting, contuined General of the Archdiocese of St. Paul, was chosen and m an eleventh century manuscript (Pans, 1767, consecrated in St. Paul, 28 October, 1902. He was Fonds Notre^Dame, 101), with some other documents born in the Province of Krain (Camiola), Austria, 12 relating to St. Magdalen of V<Szelay that we first May, 1845. Migrating to the United States he became read of Lazarus m connexion with the voyage that affiliated to the Diocese of St. Paul, where for many brought Magdalen to Gaul. Before the middle of years he was pastor of the Church of St. Francis de the eleventh century there does not seem to he the gales. The opening of the Rosebud Reservation to slightest trace of the tradition according to which the settlers and the extension of railways across the state Palestiman saints came to Provence. At the begin- attracted many emigrants to South Dakota, and a rung of the twelfth century perhaps through a con- number of new parishes were established, churches fusion of names, it was believed at Aut;un that the erected in these new towns, and missions and schools tomb of St. Lazarus w;as to be found in the cathedral located among the Indians. In 1909, Bishop Stari- dedicated to St. Nazanus. A search was made and re- ha's ill-health and age determined him to resign the mams were discoverecl, which were solemnly trans- gee, and he returned to his old home in Austria on 1 lated and were considered to be those of him whom May of that year. On 11 April, 1910, Pius X rati- Cnnst raised from the dead but it was not thought fied the appointment of the Rev. Joseph F. Busch, necessary to mquu-e why they should be found in of Excelsior, Minnesota, as bishop. The religious France. communities in the diocese include the Jesuit and

The question, however, deserved to be examined Benedictine Fathers and the Benedictine Sisters and

with care, seeing that, according to a tradition of the the Sisters of St. Francis. Statistics (1909): priests,

Greek Church, the bodv of St. Lazarus had been 25 (regulars, 9); churches with resident priests, 18;

brought to Constantinople, just as all the other saints missions with churclies, 35; schools, 5: pupils, 1030;

of the Palestinian group were said to have died in the i orphan asylum, 21 inmates; Catholic population.

Orient, and to have been buried, translated, and hon- n OOO whites and 6.500 Indians,

oured there. It is only in the thirteenth century that Catholic Newe (New York), filee; Catholic Directory (Milwau-

the belief that Lazarus had come to Gaul with his two kee, 1909). r? \t

sisters and had been Bishop of Marseilles spread in j.homa8 F. Meehan. Provence. It is true that a letter is cited (its origin is

uncertain), written in 1040 by Pope Benedict IX on League, The. — I. The Leaotjb of 1576. — ^The dis- the occasion of the consecration of the new church of content produced by the Peace of Beaulieu (6 May, St-Victor in which Lazarus is mentioned. But in this 1576) ,wnich restored the government of Picardy to the text the pope speaks only of relics of St. Lazarus, Protestant Prince de Cond^ and gave him P^ronne to merely calling him the saint who was raised again to hold as a security, induced d'Humit^res, a Catholic who life. He does not speak of him as having lived in commanded the city of P6ronne, to form a league of Provence, or as having been Bishop of Marseilles. The gentry, soldiers, and peasants of Picardy to keep most ancient Provencal text alluding to the episco- Cond^ from taking possession of the city. D'Humi^res pacy of St. Lazarus is a passage in the " Otia impe- also appealed to all the princes, nobles, and prelates rialia" of Gervase of Tilbury (1212). Thus the belief of the kingdom, and to the allies of the nations neigh- in his Proven9al apostolate is of very late date, and its bouring to France. Tliis League of P^ronne thus as- supporters must produce more ancient and reliable pired to become international. From a religious point documentary evidence. In the crypt of St-Victor at of view it aimed at supporting Catholicism in France. Marseilles an epitaph of the fifth century has been politically at restoring the ** ancient franchises ana discovered, which informs us that a bishop named liberties against the royal power. Its programme Lazarus was buried there. In the opinion of the most was spread tliroughout France by the efforts of Henri competent archieologists, however, this personage is de Guise (see Guise), and Henry III, then on eood Lazarus, Bishop of Aix, who was consecrated at Slar- terms with the Gmses, declared himself its enief. seilles about 407, and who, having had to abandon his Gregory XIII was apprised of the formation of the sec in 411, passed some time in Palestine, whence he League by Jean David, an advocate of the Parliament returned to end his days in Marseilles. It is more than of Paris, acting for the Guises, and he communicated likely that it is the name of this bi^op and his return the fact to Philip II. But when the Peace of Berge- frora' Palestine, that gave rise to the legend of the rac (17 September, 1577) between Henry III and the coming of the Biblical Lazarus to Provence, and his Protestants, curtailed the liljerties accorded them by apostolate in the city of Marseilles. the Edict of Beaulieu, the king hastened to dLssolve

Chevalier. OaUia christ. nofw«.. II (Paris, 1899), l-«: Ana*' the league of Pi^ronne and the other Catholic leagues

Ic-f. Bo/ten r. Vf (BniMcls, 1887). 88-;02: Douche, Vindicia filet formed after its example. This dissolution was the

e# ntetatvt Promnna pro cadUtbw tlhti* lut^lartbus reetUuendtt n«niB« nf trrt^ai' i*niniPin^ i^ a norfnin niiTnhAr ftf rovftl.

(Air, 1644) ; db Cbantbloup. L'apdlre de la Provence oulavie ?^^^ ^ ?J^i IP^^x ^1°?,, * ^^^"^^^ number Ot rovai-

iu ghrieux S. LoMore, premier Mque de MareeOU (Maneines, uts, who neld that "all leagues and assOOiatlOQS in *