Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 8.djvu/853

 LAMUEL

771

LAMY

leased him only in submission to the threats of Croesus. During thr Ionian re volt Lampsacus fell into the power of the Persians. The "great king" gave its territory to Thcmistocles that he might supply himself with its wine, which was very famous; but the eity itself con- tinued to be governed by native tyrants. After the battle of Mycale (479 b. c), Lampsacus joined the Athenians, but revolted after the unsuccessful expe- dition to Sicily; being unfortified, however, it was easily recaptured by the fleet of Strombichides. After the death of Alexander, it was forced to defend itself against the attacks of Antiochus of Syria. It voted a golden crown to the Romans and became their ally. Its prosperity continued under the empire; gold and silver staters of Lampsacus are extant, and its coins of the imperial period range from Augustus to Gallienus. The city possessed a fine piece of sculpture by Ly- sippus, representing a lion couchant, which was carried off by Agrippa to grace the Campus Martius at Rome. It was the home of many famous men, e. g. the historian Charon, Anaximenes the orator, Adi- mantus, and Metrodorus, a disciple of Epicurus who himself lived at Lampsacus for three years. It must be added that the city was also notorious for the ob- scene w'orship that was paid to Priapus. Its name has been conjecturally introduced into the Vulgate (I Mach., XV, 23) in place of the Greek name Sampsace, or Sampsame, in the list of the cities to which the letter of the consul Leucius was sent; and this correction is an excellent one, since no cit}- was known by the name of Sampsace or Sampsame.

St. Trypho, martyred at Nicaea, was, according to the legend, buried at Lampsacus. Its first known bishop was St. Parthenius, under Constantine. In 364 the see was occupied by Marcian, a Semi-Arian or Mace- donian; in that year there was held at Lampsacus a council of bishops the majority of whom belonged to that party. Marcian, summoned to the CEcumenical Council of Constantinople, in 381, refused to retract. Other known bishops of Lampsacus were Daniel, who assisted at the Council of Chalcedon (451); Harmo- nius (458); Constantine (680), present at the Council of Constantinople; John (787), at Nicaea; St. Euschemon, a correspondent of St. Theodore the Studite, and a con- fessor of the Faith for the veneration of images, under Theophilus. The See of Lampsacus is mentioned in the "Notitiae episcopatuura " until about the twelfth or thirteenth century. Lampsacus is now a village of about two thousand inhabitants, the chief place of a caza in the sanjak of Bigha; it is called in Greek Lamp- saki, and in Turkish Lepsek.

Smith, Diet, of Greek and Roman Geography, s. v.; Lequien, Oriens Christianus, I, 771.

S. Petrides.

Lamuel (PXIDP), name of a king mentioned in Pro v., xxxi, 1 and 4, but otherwise unknown. In the opening verse we read: "The words of king Lamuel. The vision wherewith his mother instructed him." The name occurs again in verse 4: " Give not to kings, O Lamuel, give not wine to kings . . ." The dis- course which is an exhortation to chastity and tem- perance, is supposed to end with verse 9. Some modern scholars (see Revised Version, Prov., xxxi, 1, margin) render the first passage thus: "The words of Lemuel, king of Massa, which his mother taught him." Massa is mentioned in Gen., xxv, 14 (cf. I Par., i, 30), among the sons of Ismael, and his king- dom is consequenth' supposed to have been in Arabia. Ill etymological form the name Lamuel is kindred with Jamuel (Gen., xlvi, 10) and Namuel (I Par., iy, 24). In signification it is cognate with Lael (Numb., iii, 24) meaning (a man consecrated) "to God".

See LEaf;TRE in Vigocrodx, Diet, de la Bible, s. v.; Davison in Hastinos, Diet, of the Bible, s. v. Lemuel.

James F. Driscoll.

Lamus, atitular see of Isauria, suffragan of Seleucia. In antiquity this village is mentioned by Strabo, XIV,

671, and Ptolemy, V, viii , 4 (and 6). It was situated at the mouth of the River Lamus which formc<l the liouinlary between Cilicia Aspcra and Cilicia Propria. Lametis was the name of the whole district. To-day it is the wretched village of Adana, with existing re- mains of an aqueduct and a fortress. In 945, John Courcouas, a Byzantine general, concluded there a treaty of peace with the Arabs. The fortress was seized by Emperor Manuel Comnenus antl recon- quered by the Armenians after the emperor's depar- ture. In 458 Nounechios, Bishop of Charadrus, bore also the title of Bishop of Lamus. In 787 Bishop Eustathius was present at the second Council of Nicaea. The see is still mentioned in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries in the " Notitiae episcopatuum ".

Lequien, Oriens Christianus, II, 1017; Alisuan, 6'ii'souan (Venice, 1899), 13, 413.

S. Petrides.

Lamy, Bern.ird, Oratorian,b.at Le Mans, France, in June, 1640; d. at Rouen, 29 Jan., 1715. At the age of twelve he was placed under the tuition of the Ora- toriansof his native town, and soon evinced more than ordinary talent and versatility of mind. In 1058 he entered the congregation of the Oratory, and, after studying philosophy at Paris and at Saumur, was ap- pointed professor in the college of Vendome and later at Juilly. He was ordained to the prie.sthood in 1667, and after teacliing a few years at Le Mans he was ap- pointed to a chair of philosoph}- in the University of Angers. Here his teaching was attacked on the ground that it was too exclusively Cartesian, and Re- bous the rector obtained in 1675 from the state au- thorities a decree forbidding him to continue his lec- tures. He was then sent by his superiori to Grenoble, where, thanks to the protection of Cardinal Le Camus, he again took up his courses of philosophy. In 1686 he returned to Paris, stopping at the seminary of Saint Magloire, and in 1689 he was sent to Rouen, where he spent the remainder of his days. His writings are numerous and varied. Among them may be men- tioned: (1) "Apparatus ad Biblia Sacra", etc. (Gre- nolile, 1687), translated into French by order of the Bishop of Chalons under the title " Introduction b. la lecturede I'Ecriture Sainte" (Lyons, 1689). (2) " Har- monia, sive Concordia quatuor Evangelistarum", a harmony or concordance of the Four Gospels (Paris, 1689). In this work he contends that John the Bap- tist was twice cast into prison, first in Jerusalem by order of the Sauhedrin, and later by Herod in Galilee. He maintains also that the Saviour and His Apostles did not eat the paschal lamb at the Last Supper, and that the Crucifixion occurred on the day on which the Jews celebrated the Passover. He considers Mary Magdalen, Mary the sister of Lazarus, and the sinner mentioned in Luke, vii, 37 sqq. to be one and the same person. These and other opinions involved him in animated controversy with Bulteau, pastor of Rouen, Jean Pi^nud, Le Nain de Tillemont, and others (see "Trait6 historique de I'ancienne Paque des Juifs", Paris, 1693). (3) "Apparatus Biblicus", which is a development of his introduction (Lyons, 1696; Jena, 1709; Amsterdam, 1710). It was translated into French by Abbe de Bellegarde (Paris, 1697) and by Abb<; Boyer (Lyons, 1709). In this work he calls in question the historical character of the books of Tobias and Judith, and maintains that even after the Council of Trent a dift'ercnce of authority should be recognized between the proto-canonical and deutero- canonical books of the Bible. (4) " Defense de I'an- cien sentiment de I'Eglise latine touchant Toffice de sainteMadeleine"(Rouen, Paris, 1697). (5) A volume of commentaries on his previous harmonv of the Four Gospels (Paris, 1699). (6) A Latin treatise on the Ark of the Covenant (Paris, 1720), a posthumous work published by Pcre Desmollets, who prefixed to the volume a biography of tlie author.