Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 8.djvu/852

 LAMPS

770

LAMPSACUS

uscript is certainly late and inferior in value to the uettes of bronze, supposed to represent St. Peter and

other two. The " Ale.xanderlied "with German trans- lation was first edited by A\'eismann (2 vols., Frank- furt, 1850); the best edition is by Kinzel in " German- istischeHandbibliothek",ed. Zaeher, VI (Halle, 1SS4). The Vorau manuscript was edited by Diemer in "Deutsche Gedichte des 11. und 12. Jahrhunderts" (Vienna, 1849), the Strasburg manuscript by Mass- mann in "Deutsche Gedichte des 11. und 12. Jahr- hunderts" (Quedlinburg, 1837), and the Basle manu- script by Werner (Stuttgart, 1882) in " Bibliothek des Literarischen Vereins in Stuttgart", CLIV. Selec- tions were edited by Piper in "Die Spielmannsdich- tung", II, 2; in "Kurschners Deutsche National Lit- teratur", II, pp. 116-82. A modern German trans- lation by Ottmann appeared in " Hendels Bibliothek der Gesamtlitteratur" (Halle, 1898).

Consult the' introduction to the editions and tr.inslationa above mentioned, especially those of Kinzel and Piper.

Arthur F. J. Remy,

Bronze Lamp of t

St. Paul, at the prow. Bronze lamps also exi.st in the forms of a dove, a duck, a peacock, a crow, etc. The museum of Algiers contains a specimen of a lamp mounted on a pedestal, of excellent workmanship, ornamented with the apocalyptic Greek letters A and a, and a dolphin. Many of the gold and silver lamps presented by Constantine the Great to the Lateran Basilica were also in the form of dolphins, as the " Li- ber Pontificalis " informs us; lamps in the form of the symbolic fish were prob- ably common, though only one of terra cotta is known. The lamps presented by Constantine to the Lateran — a truly imperial gift — comprised altogether 174 chandeliers and candle- sticks, which furnished, it is calculated, 8730 separate lights. The most precious of these is the chandelier "of purest gold", weigh- ing fifty pounds and orna-

Lamps, E.\RLY Christian. — Of the various classes of remains from Christian an- tiquity there is probably none so numerously repre- sented as that of small clay

lamps adorned with Christian symbols. Lamps of mented with fifty dolphins, which hung from the ci- this character have been found in all the ancient borium; the chains in aoldition weighed twenty-five centres of Christianity, but the Roman catacombs are i^ounds. Before the principal altar stood a silver especially remarkable for the large numbers of these chandelier, weighing fifty pounds, adorned with fragile utensils they contain, many of which, however, twenty dolphins. The nave was lighted by forty- bear no intrinsic mark of their Christian origin. These five silver standards {fara canthara), the right aisle by clay lamps belong to two categories; the more ancient forty and the left by forty-five. Besides these chan- manufactured in the early imperial period, and the deliers for lamps, the nave contained fifty silver stand-

tj-pe of the Constan- tinian epoch. Even in this not very con- spicuous depart ment of arts and crafts there was a notable decline between the first and the fourth or fifth century; the clay lamps of the former period are of far superior work- manship to those of the latter. In form also there is a dif- erence between the two species; lamps of the classic period are round with an ascending perfo- rated handle, whereas the lamps typical of the Christian period somewhat resemble a boat or a shoe with an unperforated handle running to a point. In lamps of

EgjTitian origin the handles were soldered on after the ChrMenne (Paris, 1907) ; De W lamp itself was moulded. The favourite symbol, Jer chnsilichr- .M.„.t.:.^„ ,i,, though by no means the only one adorning lamps of Christian origin, was the monogram of Constantine. In some instances they were adorned with the figure of a saint, occasionally accompanied by an inscription. Bronze lamps of Christian origin have also beei found, and, though far rarer than the clay lamp; described, they are of much greater interest. One of the most remarkable is a bronze lamp of the fifth cen- tury, now in St. Petersburg, which takes the form of an early Christian basilica. Of equal interest is a bronze lamp in the Uffizi gallery at Florence; it has

Christian Lamps From Garrucci, "Storia dell' Arte Cristiana"

ards for candles, while before each of the seven altars of the basilica stood a candelabrum ten feet high, made of copper inlaid with reliefs in silver repre- senting the Proph- ets. Gifts of precious candelabra, though fewer in number, were also made by Constantine to the basilicas of St. Peter, St. Paul, Santa Croce, St. Agnes, and St. Laurence ("Liber Pontificalis", ed. Duchesne, I, 172 sqq.). Babington in Smith

AND CHEEXnAM, DtC-

tionari/ of Christian An- tiquities (London, 1875— 80), s. V. hamps; Low- RiE, Monuments of the Early Chureh (New York, 1901); Leci.ercq, Manuel d* Archi-ologie !rau8, Real-ICncyklopadie (Freiburg. 1882-80), s. v. Lampen.

MAnRicE M. Hassett.

Lampsacus, a titular see of Hellespont, suiTragan of „.=o,.... v^^>,^o.v,,.^.. ^v,^v..„ .^...^„ .. , „ „^.. Cyzicus. The city is situated in Mysia, at the en- Bronze lamps" oT'christfanTr'^^^^ trance to the Hellespont, opposite Callipolis, in a re-

• f^ ■ ' ■' ■■ ' ■ gion known as Bebrycia, which seems to indicate an

establishment of Bebryces from Thrace. It was prob- ably called Pityussa jarior to its colonization by the Ionian cities of Phoca-a and Miletus. The elder Milti- ades, when he had been estalilished in possession of Thracian Chersoncsus, declared war against the inhab-

the form of a ship, with inflated sails and two stat- itants of Lampsacus, who made him prisoner, and re-