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 LA HAYE

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LAHORE

and made his early studies at Chievres near by. De La Haye entered the novitiate of the Society of Jesus on 13 Feb., 15G5. After the usual training in the spiritual life, the classics, philosophj-, and theology, he entered upon his life-work, and taught philosophy and Sacred Scripture at Louvain and Douai. The works of de La Haye that made his reputation as a Biblical scholar, are his Gospel harmony and commentaries. " Evangelistarum Quaternio" (Douai, 1607), is a har- mony of the four Gospel narratives; the words of each Evangelist are retained and set in what the author deemed to be the historical order of the life of Christ. "Triumphus Veritatis Ordinati Evangelii Quadriga Invect^, Sanctorum Patrum Exercitu Stipatoe" (2 vols., Douai, 1609) is a Gospel commentary quaintly entitled "the triumph of truth borne in upon the four-horsed chariot of the Gospel-harmony and backed up by the army of the Fathers". The array of cita- tions from the Fathers is a veritable and a redoubtable array, which makes it regrettable that this rare old book has not been reissued. "Apparatus Evangeli- cus" (Douai, 1611) gives a scientific treatment of the moot questions in regard to the Four Gospels.

HcRTEit, Nomenclator; Sommehvogel, Bibl. de la c. de J ., IV (Paris, 1893).

Walter Drum.

La Haye, Jean de, Franciscan Biblical scholar, h. at Paris, 20 March, 1593; d. there 150ct., 1661. Repassed his boyhood in Spain and received the Franciscan habit in the province of St. Gabriel, of the Alcantariue Reform. He taught philosophy and theology, and dis- tinguished himself as pulpit orator. Being called to France in 1620, he was assigned important offices both in the order and at the Court of Louis XIII. De la Haye is the author or editor of some forty foUo vol- umes, besides several unpublished manuscripts. He edited the works of St. Bernardine of Siena, and the writings of St. Francis and St. Anthony of Padua, but his project of bringing out all important works by Franciscan authors in a "Bibliotheca Ordinis Mi- norum" was not realized. Designed principally for the use of preachers are his commentaries " In Gene- sim, sive Arbor vita; concionatorum", 4 vols.; "In Exodum, vel Concionatorum virga, percutiens pecca- tores", 3 vols.; "In Apocalypsim", 3 vols. We have from de La Haye's pen two works of monumental im- portance, namely, the " Bibha Magna", 5 vols. (Paris, 1643) and the "Biblia Maxima", 19 vols. (Paris, 1660). The text of the Vulgate forms the basis of the two. In the former the author quotes verbatim, after every chapter, the commentaries of Gagna^us, Estius, Sa, Menochius, and Tirinus, S.J. ; whereas in the latter he appends to each extract (1) the various readings of the versions, (2) a paragraph in which the harmony of these readings and the literal meaning of the text are briefly discussed, and (3) annotations drawn from the commentators above cited, but headed, in this case, by Nicolaus Lyranus, O.F.M. The methods fol- lowed by the author have been pronounced excellent, and the wonderful assiduity and toil to which the twenty-four volumes bear witness have been the ob- ject of undivided praise; yet it has been rightly ol> served that the prolegomena and his own interpreta- tions of the text are lacking in judgment and solidity. Withal, the "Biblia Maxima", and even more so the " Biblia Magna ", will continue to be of invaluable ser- vice to the student of exegesis.

Wadding,, StTiptorts (Rome. 190S), s. v.; Sbaralea, Supple- mentum (Home, 1S0C),.S. v.; .Iungmann in Kirchenlex.,s, v. La' haye; Jeiler, ihid., 8. v. Uaye; Apolinaire. in ViG., Diet, de la Bible, s. V. ; lIuKTER, Nomenrlatnr,

Thomas Plassmann.

La Hire, Piiimppe de, mathematician, astronomer, physicist, M:i(uralist, and painter, b. in Paris, IS March, 1610; d. in Paris, 21 April, 171S; was, as Fonteuelle said, an academy in himself. His father, Laurent de La Hire (1606-1656), was a distinguished

artist. Philippe first studied painting in Rome, where he had gone for his health in 1660, liut on his return to Paris, soon devoted himself to the classics and to science. He showed particular aptitude for mathe- matics, in which subject he was successively the pupil and associate in original investigation of Desargues. In 1678, he was made a member of the Academy of Sciences, section of astronomy. Beginning in 1679, in connexion with the construction of a map for the Government, he made extended observations in Brittany, Guienne, Calais, Dunkirk, and Provence. In 1683, he continued the principal meridian north from Paris, Cassini at the same time continuing it south, and, in 1684, he investigated the flow and fall of the River Eure in connexion with the water-supply of Versailles. His attainments won for him professor- ships both at the College de France, in 1682, and at the Academy of Architecture. Two of his sons rose to distinction, Gabriel-Philippe (1677-1719), in mathe- matics, and Jean-Nicolas (1685-1727), in botany. In- dustry, unselfishness, and piety were noteworthy traits of his character.

The chief contributions of La Hire were in the department of pure geometry. Although familiar with the analytic method of Descartes, which he followed in treatises published in 1679, his most im- portant works were developed in the method of the ancients. He continued the work of Desargues and of Pascal and introduced into geometry, chiefly by a new method of generating conies in a plane, several conceptions related to those of recent times. In his exhaustive work on conies, published in 1685, he not only simplified and improved the demonstrations of many well-known theorems, but he also established several new ones, particularly some concerning the theory of poles and polars, a subj ect not fully developed until the nineteenth century. In this work appears for the first time the term " harmonic". Of the writhigs of La Hire which were, for the most part, published in the " Memoires" of the Academy of Sciences, and which treat of mathematics, astronomy, meteorology, and physics, the following are the most important: " Nouvelle Mcthode en GSom^trie pour les sections des superficies coniques et cyhndriques" (1673); "Nouveaux Elements des Sections Coniques: Les Lieux G6om6triques: Les Constructions ou Effec- tions des Equations" (in one vol., Paris, 1679); "Traits de Gnomonique" (1682); "Sectiones conica; in novem libros distributae" (Paris, 1685); "Tables dusoleiletde lalune" (1687); " Ecole des arpenteurs " (1689) ; " M^moire sur les 6picycloides " (Paris, 1694) ; "Tabula; astronomies" (1702); "Traits des rou- lettes " (1704) ; " M^moire sur les conchoides " (1708) ; "Traits de mdcanique" (Paris, 1729).

Chasles, Aperfu historinue sur Vorigine et le developpement desMethodea en Gcometrie (3rd ed., Paris, 1889); Lehmann, De La Hire und seines Sectiones ConiccB, in supplement to Jahres- bcrirht des koniglichen Gymnasium zu Leipzig (Leipzig, 1888, 1890).

Paul H. Linehan.

Lahore, Diocese of (Lahorensis), in northern India, part of the ecclesiastical Province of Agra. Its boundaries comprise the civil Province of the Punjab, except two small portions assigned to Kash- mer and Agra respectively. It also includes the native state of Bahawulpur. Down to the sixteenth cen- tury Christianity seems never to have come in touch with the Punjab. During the reign of Akbar, and in answer to his invitation, a mission of Jesuits from CJoa visited the Mogul court, spending part of their time at Fatehpur-Sikri and part at Lalioro (I.WI-Sl). Akbar's .successor, .lahaiigir, allcpwcd soinc Portuguese Jesuits to build a church and cstaliHsh a mission at Lahore, and assigned a salary for their maintenance. 'I'his favour was, however, cancelled by the next Mogul emperor. Shah Jahan, who, being a strict Moslem, withdrew the pension and ordered the church