Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 8.djvu/775

 KOSTKA

Gllf)

KRAPFT

the Russians. At, the second partition of Poland, he resigned liis commission and went to live in Leipzig He headed the aliortive revolution of Pol ind m 1704, and was wounded and captured by the Kus i in-, il the battle of Maciejowice, 10 Oetob( i Impii hk I for two years, he was lil)erated by Emperor Paul on parole and with many marks of esteem. There- after his life was passed in retire- ment. In 1797 he revisited the United States, receiving everywhere great honour and distinction. Con- gress voted him a grant of land and an addition to his pension. On his return to Europe he took up his residence near Paris, spending his time in agricultural pursuits. In 1806 Napoleon wished liim to join in the invasion of Poland, Ijut lie felt bound by his parole to Hussia and refused. He went to live in Switzerland in 1816, making his home at Solothurn, where he was killed by a fall from a horse. Hi-! remains, by direction of the Em- peror Alexander, were taken to Krakow, where they were interred with solemn pomp in the cathedral near the tombs of Poniatowski and Sobieski. A mound 150 feet high, made of earth taken from every battle-field in Poland, was piled up in his honour in the out- skirts of the city.

Hassard, HM. of U. S. (New York), Griffin in Am. Oath. Hist, Researches (Philadelphia, April, 1910); Michblet. Pologne ef Rustie, Ugende de Koftciuszko (Paris, 1851): Idem, Lt Pulngne rnarlyrc (1863); Falken-stein, Kosciuszko (Leip- zig, lS2r); Rychlicki, Koftciuszko an I the Partition of Poland (Kraliow, 1872>; Chodzko, Histoire militaire, politique rt privi'e de Kosciuszko (Paris, 1837).

Thomas F. Meehan. Kostka, Stanislaus. See Stan- islaus KosTKA, Saint. Kotor. See Cattabo, Diocese

OK.

Koudelka, Joseph M. See Cleveland, Diocese of.

Kovno. See Samogitia, Dio- cese OF.

Kozmian, Stanislaus and .JiiiiN, two brothers who took part in the Polish insurrection of 18:U, and subsequently fled the country. Stanislaus settled in England, studied its institutions, and strove to make both nations, England and Poland, acquainted with each other. John lived in France, was zealous in spreading Catholic ideas, and, when his wife died, became a priest. Later he went to Posen, and, as editor of M the "Posen Review", became the centre of religious and political life there; Stanislaus aided him in his work and, return- ing to Posen, became president of the Society of Friends of Science. Both were ardent Catholics, able reformers, courageous politicians, and had minds of exceptional power.

Stanislaus Ko^mian (b. in 1811; d. in 1885), when a student at Warsaw, had WTitten some poetry, very romantic but only of average worth; later, in England, he set to translating Shakespeare, a work which occu- pied him for thirty years, and was not complete at his death; he also translated poems by BjTon, Moore,

E, NUREMBE

the paintini

Southey, Shelley, Cowper, ;uiil especially the splendid p.iss'iges iif ('■iiiipl)cll oil Pol'iiid lie was secretary to till So(iit\ III I IK iiiK of Pol md, ind in close relation Willi I III I Duilli \ Mil III lli^ Il in 1 iliiiiiNof bhakes- p III lliiiiigli II itiii ill\ not |iiitiii 111 IS good as tliii--i- III .iii\ 111 111 I I iii_ii ifje Of his 111 ir!iii d woik, till po( III best known in Ills days was entitlid To the \1 isters of the Word ', iddrissed to Mukirwici' KroMiiski, and Zaleskl inlslii Hi I sp< oidllv worshipped in I loMil Ki isiuski, two of whose ks ( I he D IV of To-Dav " and Hie Last One") first appeared as Ko/mian's, as the author would not iiiluiwise ha\e published them. 1 111 II success put Kozmian in a very I ils( md painful position, which he ill cubed in one of his poems — an imitation of Dante's "Inferno". •si \ ei al other poems of a patriotic md leligious tendency are also de- s( I M ng of notice Hio prose consists III iiiiK of essa\s, many of which will published togetht r in tw o vol- iinii s uiidei the titli 1 iigl md and I'll! mil ' The first \ iiluiiK toiitains 1 n I poi t ant intormat loi 1 1 oi t he WTiter nil that peiiod of Polish history: uliit the English thought, what I III \ knew of Polmd, how far their liiiiiilh l( (liii.^ wont, why the ma- to uh 't might lif 1 111 Poland, and so on The stcmid u is interesting for thecontempiii ii\ Polish reader, giv- ing particulus ot English institu- tions, life, pohtics, and literature — 111 the last lespect nothing so good h Is since appeared in Polish But it Is impossilile to notice separately ill the inultituihnous shoit articles lliathewTote; those which deal with lilrrary criticism are especially ad- mirable. He was a practical man I if action, a born journalist — unpop- ular iinlepi I, liecansp, I icing a fervent ( a I 111 il ic, he condemned conspiracies and dill not confound re volution with a war for independence. He lived and died comparatively unknown.
 * iiiit\ 111 th( iiition were indifferent

John Koz.mian, b. in 1812; d. in 1877. As priest and author he wrote fur upwards of twenty years in the " Posen Review"; his articles have been collected in three volumes (1881). Specially noteworthy are the programme of the Review, "That she in.ay fulfil her mission, Poland /iiust lie united to the Church"; " The Two Idolatries ", i. e., Revolu- t ionism and Pansla vism ; and his last ^ essay, " Duties are permanent. " .> .n^x^nun n iirST He also wrote a great deal about RG — Adam Krafft t* i* a- • ? ■ j- /.

■ of Paul Hitter Italian aHairs and in favour of

the Temporal Power. We may also mention a controversial essay with the Jesuit F. Gagarin (a Russian convert), who maintained that the great obstacle to the conversion of the Russians is that they identify Catholicism and Poland. His literary articles are not numerous. He also wrote funeral orations. He and his brother were the first secular workers for the revival of Catholic convictions in Poland. S. Tabnowski.

Krafft, Adam, sculptor, h. about 1440 at Nurem- berg; d. Jan., 1.500, at Schwabach. He carved at