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KINLOSS

Pastor at St. Raphael, Glengarry, since 1804, was nominated first vicar- Apostolic of the district. His consecration took place on 31 December, 1820, in the Ursuline chapel at Quebec. The bishop continued to reside for some years at St. Raphael, which thus be- came the first episcopal see in the new prov-ince and the second established in all Canaila. It was to Glen- garry that the bishop brought, in lM):i and 1S04, the members of the famous Highland Catholic regiment of Glengarry Fcncibles, disbanded in Scotland in 1802. In 1804, to minister to the scattered Catholic settlers and Indians in the vast Province of Upper Canada, there were but two priests, the Rev. Alexander Mac- donell (afterwards bishop) and an assistant. About 1816 the number of priests had increased to six, two at St. Raphael, one at Perth, one at Kingston, and two at Sandwich. The vicariate was created a dio- cese by Pope Leo XII in a Brief dated 27 January, 1826, and Kingston was named the see. It was the first diocese established in a British colony since the so-called Reformation. In this year Bishop Mac- donell appHed for a coadjutor, and the Rev. Thomas Weld, an English priest, was consecrated Bishop of Amycla and coadjutor of Upper Canada on 6 August, 1826. The state of his health did not permit Bishop Weld to come to Canada. He remained some years in England, and, going to Rome, he was made Cardinal by Pius VIII in 1830.

The beginning of a diocesan seminary was made at St. Raphael, where Bishop Macdonell established the College of lona, under the direction of Rev. William P. Macdonald, afterwards \-icar-general for twenty years. He was also the editor of " The Catholic ", the first CathoUc journal published in the English lan- guage in Canada. It was a vigorous polemical weekly, and was issued at Kingston in 1830-31, and at Hamil- ton from 1841 to 1844.

The bishop had resided at York, now Toronto, for some years, and came to Kingston in 1836. One of his earhest acts was to obtain from the Legislature an Act of Incorporation for the Regiopohs College at Kingston. The cornerstone of the college was laid on 11 June, 1838. This building is now used as a hos- pital by the Sisters of the Hotel Dieu. The college became a famous seat of learning, and continued its usefulness till 1869, when it was temporarily closed. On another site in the city, Regiopolis College was re- estabhshed by the late Archbishop Cleary, and is now in a flourishing condition under the presidency of the archbishop, the Most Reverend Dr. Ciauthier. A new coadjutor was appointed in 1833 in the person of the Rev. Remigius Gaulin, who became the second Bishop of Kingston on the death of Bishop Macdonell in 1840. \t this date (1840) there were 48 churches in the dio- cese. The western region was erected into the Dio- cese of Toronto in 1841, and the eastern territory, the Diocese of Ottawa (Bytown), was formed in 1848. Bishop Gaulin died on 8 May, 1857, and the Right Rev. Patrick Phelan, who had been his administrator since 1852, was placed in charge of the diocese. Bishop Phelan's episcopate lasted but one month, as he died on 6 June following, and the Rt. Rev. Edward J. Horan succeeded him. Under Bishop Horan the diocese was enriched with many valuable charitable and educational institutions, but sickness antl grow- ing infirmities compellctl him to resign his see shortly before his death (15 Feb., 1875), to make way for the Rt. Rev. John O'Brien, whose episcopate lasted till 1 Aug., 1879. The rapidly increasing numbers of Catholic inhabitants neccs.sitated another division of the diocese, and in 1S74 the Vicariate-.4postolic of Northern Canada was erected, to become, in its turn, the Diocese of Peterborough, in 1882. The Right Rev. J. V. Cleary, at one time President of St. John's Col- lege, Waterford, Ireland, had been consecrated in Rome, 21 Nov., 1880, to succeed Bishop O'Brien, and wheu the diocese was made an archdiocese by a Brief

dated 28 July, 1889, he became the first archbishop. With the formation of the archdiocese the Counties of Glengarry, Stormont, and Cornwall were separated from the Diocese of Kingston, erected into the sep- arate Diocese of Alexandria, which, with the Diocese of Peterborough, became suffragan of Kingston. In the incumbency of the present archbishop, the Most Rev. Charles H. Gauthier, the sufTragan Diocese of Sault Ste. Marie has been added (16 Sept., 1904).

The capital city of the archdiocese is Kingston. A gathering ground of old for the neighbouring In- dian tribes, it was made the seat of Government in 1841 on the union of the two Canadas, and remained such for four years. The Cathedral of the Immacu- late Conception is located there, as is Regiopolis Col- lege; also two schools for girls, with an attend- ance of 314, a .school for boys, with 250 pupils, a mother-house of the Sisters of Charity of Providence, with 140 sisters, which cares for 300 old and infirm, as well as an annexed orphanage. The Hotel Dieu and Orphan Asylum, in charge of the Hospital Sisters of St. Joseph, has charge of 45 orphan girls, and there is a convent of the Sisters of Notre Dame with 139 pupils. Schools are also maintained by the Sis- ters of Charity of Providence at Belleville, 400 pupils; Brockville, 2,50 pupils; Chesterville, 70 pupils; Perth, 2150 pupils; Prescott, 300 pupils; and Trenton, 180 pupils. These sisters have also established hospitals at Brockville and Smith's Falls. The Sisters of Notre Dame are in charge of schools at Brockville, 170 pupils, and Westport, 147 pupils. The Arch- diocese of Ivingston now has 38 churches with resi- dent priests, and 22 missions with churches; 61 priests, 54 secular and 7 of the Fathers of the Con- gregation of Mary; 1 college for boys, with 100 stu- dents; 3 academies for young ladies, with 295 pupils; 46 parochial schools, with 6500 pupils; 2 orphan asylums, with 85 orphans; 3 hospitals. The Cathoho population of the archdiocese approximates 43,000. (See Macdonell, Alexander.)

Le Canada ecdesiastique (1909): Wiltzius. Official Cath. Direct. (1909); Ann. Pont. Cath. (1908); Gerarckia Call. (1908); The Canadian Catholic Directory (1909); Macdonell, Remi- niscences; O'SuLLlVAN, Essays on the Church in Canada.

Stanley J. Quinn.

Kinloss (Gaelic ceann-loch, "head of the loch") Cistercian abbey on the coast of Morayshire, Scotland, founded in 11.50 or 1151 (authorities differ) by King David I, in gratitude, according to the popular "legend, for having been guided into safety by a white dove when he had lo.st ids way hunting in the adjacent for- est. The monast:ery was colonized from Melrose, and the greater part of the church and buildings were erected before 1200. Pope Alexander III confirmed the royal foundation to the second abbot, Reinerius, in 1174; and by 1229 the abbey was in a position to send out a colony to the newly-founded monastery of Culross, in Perthshire. Kinloss was richly endowed by David's successors, and also by private benefac- tors, among its possessions being the valuable stilmon- fishings on the River Findhorn, granted by Robert Bruce and confirmed by James I antl James IV. The abbots were mitred, with a seat in Parliament, and the house had a special prominence and importance as the only abbey in the extensive province of Moray. In the autumn of 1303 Kuig Edward I, while on his pro- gress through the north of Scotland, stayed at Kin- loss for three weeks with a large retinue, and received the fealty of Abbot Thomas. Aljbot Chrystal (1504- 1535) did much for the material welfare of the house, providing furniture for the church and books for the library; but the most illustrious of the twenty-four abliots who ruled the monastery was his successor, Robert Rcid, who held the priory of Beauly in cnm- mendam, together with the Abliacy of Kinloss. This wise, learned, and excellent prelate was sent as the king's commissioner to Henry VIII to treat for peace,