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nois and Miami In their general habit, as well as in their mythology and ceremonial forms, they closely resembled the Sauk and Foxes. They were agricul- tural, occupying fixed villages of bark houses in sum- mer anc- oval mat-covered lodges in winter, and mak- ing frequent excursions into the plains beyond the Mississippi to hunt the buffalo and steal horses. As the name implies they were noted for their roving and adventurous disposition. Their religious belief cen- tred about two mythic hero brothers, to whom all good was attributed and who ruled over life in the spirit world. They held the dog particularly sacred. They had a system of eleven clans (see Indians), which is still kept up, descent following the male line, and the name of the individual indicating the clan to which he belonged. As a people the Ivickapoo have usually been hostile to the white man and his civihzation. They are possibly identical with a tribe mentioned by the Jesuit Druillettes in 16.58, but were first definitely met by Allouez about 1669, as visitors, with other tribes, at the Francis Xavier Mission, on Green Bay, Wisconsin. In 1680 they killed the Recollect mis- sionary Father Galjriel de la Ribourde on the banks of the Illinois. They joined the Foxes against the French in the longwar beginning in 1712, and in 1728, together with the Mascoutens, captured Father Ig- natius Guignas and condemned him to the stake, but afterwards adopted him and through his influence made peace with the French the next year. They joined Pontiae against the English in 1764, aided the northern tribes in the ensuing destruction of the Illi- nois, and joined the same tribes and the English in the revolutionary wars and the War of 1812.

Between 1809 antl 1819 they ceded all their lands in Illinois and Indiana, removing first to Missouri and later to Kansas. About this period a noted prophet named Kanakuk arose among them preaching the doc- trine of temperance, peace, and a return to the old Indian life. About the year 18.52 a large party left the main body in Kansas and moved down into Texas and thence into Mexico, where they were joined later by others and became known as the Mexican Kickapoo. In 1873 a part of these were induced to return and were settled in central Oklahoma, but the rest remain in Mexico, upon a reservation granted by the Mexican Government, in the Santa Rosa Mountains, eastern Chihuahua. Both in Kan- sas and Oklahoma thej^ are noted for their con- servative and unprogressive tendency. Through the operation of an unfortunate allotment agreement in 1891 with power to sell their allotted lands, the Okla- homa band has been rendered practically homeless. A few are under the influence of the Catholic mission at Sacred Heart or of the Friends working in the same region, but the majority are still heathen.

From a possible two thousand when first known, they have decreased to about eight hundred souls in 1908, of whom one hundred and ninety-five were in Kansas, two hundred and thirty-four in Oklahoma, and the rest in Mexico, there having been a constant movement from Oklahoma to Mexico for the past five years.

Com. Ind. Affairs, Annual Repts. (Washington); Jesuit liela- tions, Thwaites ed. (Cleveland, 1896-1900) ; Hodge. Handbnnk Am. Iruls., I (WashinBton, 1907); Kappler, Indian Tieaties (Washington, 1903); Margry, Dccouvertes, VI (Paris, 1886); AIooNEY, Ghost Dance Relioion (Kanakuk), in 14lh Repl. Bur. Am. Ethnology, II (Washington, 1896); Shea, Catholic Missions (New York, 1854). JamES MoONEV.

Eidron, Brook of. See Cedron, Brook of.

Eiefi. See Lutzk, Diocese of.

Eielce (Russian Kiei.tzy), Diocese of (Kielcen- 818), in the southern part of Russian Poland, comprises the government (province) of Kirlce and a part of the government of I'iotikinv. Kiclcc, the episcopal .see, contains four Cat liolic cliuntlics, onr rl liodox and one Protestant church, and a .lewish synagogue. The

church of the Assumption, now the cathedral, wae founded in 1173 by Gedeon, Bishop of Cracow. The beautiful church of the Holy Trinity was founded in 1646. The church of St. Adalbert (twelfth century) is built where, according to tradition, the saint suf- fered martyrdom. The church of St. Michael the Archangel was founded in 1221 by Ivan Odrowazi, Bishop of Cracow. The diocesan seminary was founded by Bishop Szaniawski in 1727, and now (1910) has ten professors and seventy-nine semi- narians. Ivielce has also a hospital, in charge of the Sisters of Charity, and two high schools. The Diocese of Kielce, first erected in 1807 by Pius VII, was separated from and made subject to the Arch- diocese of Cracow. At present it is a suffragan of Warsaw. The first bishop, Adalbert de Boza Gorski (1753-1817), of Cracow, incurred the enmity of the Russians, and on his death the diocese was suppressed and again added to Cracow. Afterwards, owing to strong Russian supervision, it was detached from Cracow and placed under Warsaw. Pope Leo XIII re-established the diocese 26 December, 1882. The sec- ond bishop was Thomas TheophUus Kulinski (1823- 1907), who was on fairly harmonious terms with the Russian Ciovernment, but since his death the see has been vacant. The diocese, divided into eight deaner- ies, has (1910) 944,604 Cathohcs; 5325 Orthodox; 3560 Protestants; and 103,759 Jews; 242 parish churches; 21 other churches; 141 chapels; 339 secular clergy, and 8 Franciscans, the only regular clergy per- mitted by the Government; 1 convent of Norbertines with 12 nuns; and 10 establishments of the Sisters of Charity with 47 sisters.

Elenchus omnium ecclesiarum dioscesis Kielcensis (Kielce, 1910); Puchalski, Seminaryum Kieleckie: rys hisloryczny (Kielce, 1901); Battandier, Ann. Pontifical (Paris, 1910). Andrew J. Shipman.

Eieran, Saints. — There are many Irish saints of this name, but the most celebrated is St. Kieran of Clonmaenoise (see Clonmacnoise). Of the others, St. Kieran of Seir-Kieran and St. Kieran of Disert- Kieran are the best known. The former is founder of Seir-Kieran, Kings County (about a.d. 450), antl also of the See of Ossory (see Ossory, Diocese of). His history is obscure, but he flourished during the greater part of the fifth century, and is venerated in England, Brittany, Wales, and Scotland, on 5 March. St. Kieran of Disert-Kieran, Co. Meath, called by the Irish annalists "Kieran the Devout", wrote a "Life of St. Patrick". He died in 775 on 14 June, on which day his feast is celebrated. St. Kieran, patron of Cionsost, is commemorated on 30 April, and St. Kieran, son of Colga, on 19 May.

CoLGAN, Acta Sanct. Hib. (Louvain, 1645); O'Hanlon, Lives of the Irish Saints (Dublin, s. d.); Annals of Ulster (Lon- don, 1887-1901).

W. H. Grattan-Flood.

Eildare, School of. — Kildare (Irish: Cill-Dara), originally known as Druim Criaidh, or the Ridge of Clay, situated in Magh Liffe, or the Plain of the Liffey, carne to be known as Cill-Dara, or the Church of the Oak, from the stately oak-tree so much loved by St. Brigid, who under its branches laid the foundations of what in process of time became a monastic city. Through the influence and talent for rule and organi- zation possessed by the holy foundress the little ora- tory she built soon expanded into a large double estaljlishment, one portion being for women, the other for men, and crowds of devotees flocked thither from far and near to make pilgrimages or heal words of heavenly wisdom from the lips of the " Mary of the Gael". "Seeing, however," says her biographer, "that this state of things could not exist without a pontiff to consecrate her churches and ordain the sa- cred luiiiisters, slic chose ;iii iilustriovis anchorite, cele- brated for Ills virtues and his ininieh's, (liat as l)ishop he might aid her in the government of the Church, and