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Sale (if Intdxicanls. — Under the operation of local- option laws, 9(i of the 119 counties of the state have voted out liquor. The larger cities, however, are not affected by these laws. It is forbidden to ship liquor into local option territory, but this law is generally not effective because it cannot affect shipments from points outside the state.

Wills and Testaments. — Every person more than twenty-one years of age may dispose of his or her estate by will. Wills are required to be attested by two subscribing witnesses unless wholly written and signed by the testator in person. There is no limita- tion upon charitable bequest, but the State imposes a tax of 5 per cent upon all bequests over $.500, including those for charitable purpo.ses, except where made to husband or wife, father or mother, child or children or their lineal descendants, or the husband or wife of a daughter or son.

Cemeteries. — All cemeteries not conducted for profit are exempt from taxation. The directors or trustees of incorporated cemeteries are required by law to make a full and complete report of the financial con- dition of the association to the stock-holders and lot- owners. Severe penalties are provided for unlawfully disinterring bodies or for the mutilation of graves or monuments.

Webb, The Centenary of Catholicity in Kentucky (Louisville, 1SS4) ; Collins, Historical Sketches of Kentucky (Louisville, 1S47); ed. Richard Collins (LouiaviUe, 1S74); Butler, TAe History of the Commonwenlth of Kentucky (Louisville, 1834); Marshall, The History of Kcnlueky (Frankfort, 1824); DuR- RETT, The Centenary of Kentucky (Louisville, 1892).

Frank M. Tracy.

Keon, Miles Gerald, journalist, novelist, colonial secretary, lecturer, last descendent of the Keons, of Keonbrooke, County Jjeitrini, Ireland; b. 20 Febru- ary, 1821; d. at Bermuda, '.i June, 1875. He was the only son of Myles Gerald Keon, barrister, and on his mother's side was descendetl from the Fallons of Runnymede, County Roscommon. Both parents d,ving in his infancy, Keon was left to the care of his maternal grandmother and, later, to that of his uncle, Francis Philip, Count Magawly. He studied at the Jesuit college at Stonyhurst, where he WTote the prize poem on Queen Victoria's accession (Stonyhurst Maga- zine, no. 32). An adventurous pedestrian tour across the Continent followed graduation, terminating in a brief service in the French army in Algeria. On his return to England he studied law at Gray's Inn, aban- doning it shortly for literary pursuits. In 1843 he published "The Irish Revolution, or What can the Repealers do? And what shall be the New Constitu- tion? " (" Tablet ", IV, 532), and, in 1845, a vindication of the Jesuits (Oxford and Cambridge Review, Septem- ber, 1845), a controversial article that provoked more than passing interest. The results of his pedestrian tour and military service were apparent in a series of contributions to Colburn's " United Service Magazine" (from September, 1845, to October, 1846). For a few months in 1846 he became editor of " Dolman's Maga- zine", and, on 21 November of that year, married Anne de la Pierre, daughter of an English army officer. In 1847 appeared his " Life of Saint Alexis, the Roman Patrician". For the next twelve years he served on the staff of the " Morning Post", becoming its repre- sentative at St. Petersburg in 1850. In 1852 his first novel, " Harding, the Money-Spinner", appeared, serially, in the " London Journal", and, in 1856, on the occasion of the coronation of Alexander II, he was again at St. Petersburg representing the " Morning Post". It was on this occasion that he met Boucher de Perthes, in whose reminiscences Keon is pleasantly appreciated. On his return in 1S5!I from Calcutta, where he had been sent "under a mistaken arrange- ment" to edit the " Bengal Hurkaru", he was ap- pointed colonial secretary at Bermuda, a position which he held until his death. In 1866 appeared

" Dion and the Sibyls, a romance of the First Century". The year following, at Mechanics' Hall, Hamilton, he gave a course of lectures on " Government, its Source, its Form, and its Means", declining, subsequently to lecture in the United States on account of his official position. He attended the opening of the Council of the Vatican at Rome in 1869.

Kent in Diet. Nat. Biog., s. v.; Gillow, Bibl. Diet. Eng. Cath., s. v.; Hf.witson, Stonyhurst Present and Past, 244 sqq.; Boucher de Perthes, Voyage en Russie en 1856 (1859), pas- sim; Burke's Peerage; Stonyhurst Magazine (March and .June, 1SS6).

Jarvis Keiley.

Kerkuk, Diocese op (Cherchensis), is a Chaldean Uniat diocese. The ancient name of the city was Karka of Beit-Slokh in the Beit-Garmai, a province of the Persian Empire. Christianity flourished there very early. In 318 two brothers, Adurpawa. and Mihrnars6, with their sister Mahdoukh, were martyred there. In the fifth centurv, under King Yezdegert II (438-57), the "History of the city of Beit-Slokh" makes mention of hundreds and thousands of martyrs slain in this city (Moesinger, " Monumenta Syriaca ", II). Mention may also be made of a bishop, .\Iana, in the fourth century, with six nuns: Thekla, Danak, Taton, etc.; the Bishop St. Isaac, in the fifth century; St. Sirina, in 559; etc. The "Synodicon Orientale" (Paris, 1902, 674) mentions nine metropolitans of Beit-Slokh who assisted at various councils between 410 and 612. Lequien (Oriens Christ., II, 1331) speaks of others, many of whom were Catholics. At the beginning of the nineteenth century a number of Nestorians recognized the authority of the pope, who created for them the Diocese of Kerkuk. At present it contains 6000 Catholics, 15 stations, 10 churchcsand chapels, 22 native priests, and 5 primarv schools. The city of Kerkuk itself, which has 30,000 inhabitants and constitutes a sanjak in the vilayet of Mosul, contains only about 300 or 400 Catholics, the remainder of the inhabitants being Mussulmans, Jews, or Nestorians.

Cuinet. La Turquie d'Asie, II (Paris), 847-53; Revue de VOrient Chretien. 1 (1896), 444-45; Missiones Catholicm (Rome, 1907), 812; Duval, La Litterature Syriaque (Palis, 1899), 130- 32; 143—45; Labourt, Le Christianisme dans Vempire perse (Paris, 1904), passim.

S. Vailhe.

Keman, Francis, lawyer, statesman, born in Steuben County, New York, 14 January, 1816; d. at Utica, New York, 7 September, 1892; son of General William Kernan, who came to America from County Cavan, Ireland, in 1800, and of Rose Anna Stubbs, his wife. He attended Georgetown College, D. C, from 1833 to 1836, studied law in Utica, N. Y., in the office of Joshua A. Spencer, and later became his partner. He won fame as an advocate of al)iliiy, especially in legal conflict with such leaders of the bar as Denio, Jenkins, Beardsley, Doolittle, limit, and Conkling. His rank in his profession was well summed up by Judge Martin Grover, as being without a superior as an all-round lawyer at the bar of New York State. In dress, manner, decision, learning, and unassuming dignity of bearing and geniality, he was a rare type of the best of the old school of lawyers.

Kernan's political services to his country covered a wide range. He was school commissioner of Utica, manager of the New York State Hospital, official reporter of the Court of Appeals from 1S54 to 1S57, member of the Constitutional Convention of 1S7, regent of the University of the State of New York from 1870 to liis death', menil)er of Assembly from 1860 to 1862, member of the House of Hc|ircsciitatives from 1863 to 1865, United States Senator from 1870 to 1882. In all these positions he was conspicuous for ability, fidelity to his convictions, zeal in their advocacy, and fairness as a partisan. As a rule, he spoke extemporaneously, with clearness, vigour, and feeling, and to the point; his s[ieecli('s were models of clear and convincing statement and analysis. He