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KAUFMANN

and singing, and some of her father's friends strongly mation, chiefly because the drawing leaves too much urged her to give up painting, but in vain. This to be desired.

pittrice^

episode in her life she has represented in a picture, showing herself, between Painting and Music, bidding farewell to Music. Nevertheless, while cultivating the latter muse less ardently than the other, she was still a clever musician. Italy again attracted her; after vis- its to Parma and Florence, successively, she arrived, in 176.3, at Rome, where she attended Winckelmann's courses in perspective. On a visit to Venice she made the acquaintance of some English noblemen, and a re- sult of this meeting was her decision to take up resi- dence in London (1766). Reynolds, whose portrait she executed, accorded her a most flattering reception, and conceived for her a passion to which she could

never give any encouragement. Among the pictures painters, Andreas and Karl Miiller. At Bonn he studied which she painted in England we may mention " The jurisprudence, languages, and history; in 1S44 he was

Gherardo de Rossi, Vita di Angelica Kauffm (Florence, ISIO); Konynenburg, Kunstverdiensten van An- gelica Katiffmann en Raphael (Amsterdam, 1810); de Waili.v, Anielica Kauffmann (2 vols., Paris, 18;i8); Wesselt in Kunst und KiinKllcr des Millelollers und der Ncuzeit (Leipzig, 1876).

Gaston Sortais.

Kaufmann, Alexander, poet and folklorist, born at Bonn, 14 May, 1817; died at Wertheim, 1 May, 1S9.3. He came of a well-known patrician family, whose members were prominent during the eighteenth century, some being in the city regiment of Bonn and others in the service of the former Elector of Cologne. Kaufmann was related to the two historical

Mother of the Gracchi ", " The Sacrifice of Me.ssalina", the " Meeting of Edgar and El- frida", and ''Cupid and Psyche". She also engraved many of her works. Her van- ity made her the victim of a cruel deception: she allowed herself to be captivated by the engaging manners of a stranger who represented him- self to be Count Frederick de Horn, and married him (1767). When the imposture was dis- covered, a separation followed (1768). The talent of Angelica Kauffmann, suggestive of the Reynolds manner, was highly appreciated in England. The Royal Academy of London elected her as one of its original members. Gessner and Klop- stock sang of her, and the latter, in recognition, received a sentimental picture. The pretended Count de Horn hav- ing died in 1781, Angelica was free to contract a second mar- riage; she married the Vene- tian painter, Antonio Zucchi, and they determined to return

to Italy. After a sojourn at Venice, during which An- of the above, b. 1.3 March, 1821; d. 27 I>b., 1S9S. gelica painted " Leonardo da Vinci dying in the arms of With his brother Alexander, he attended the gram- Francis I ", they visited Naples and then went to Rome mar school of his native city, and in the autumn to establish themselves permanently. There she of 1840, through Ernst Moritz Arndt, who had shortly opened a salon, where G. de Rossi andSeroux d'Agin- before been reinstated in his professorship, Kaufmann

Angelica Kauf By herself, Berlin Museum

appointed teacher of Prince Karl von Lowenstein-Wert- heim-Rosenberg, who. in 1850, made him keeper of the ar- chives at Wertheim, which post he retained until his 0.1862) ; and translated " Wunderbare Geschichten aus den Werken des Cresarius von Heisterljach' ' (1888-01). His posthumous ■• Biographic des belgischen Doiniiiikaners Thomas von Chant impre" was published in 1890.

Leopold Kaufmann, Chief Burgomaster of Bonn, brother

court, the latter then engaged on his " Histoire de I'art par les monuments", were frequently to be seen. Goethe, when he visited Rome, was also received in her salon, and speaks of it in the account of his journey. She painted for the Emperor Joseph II, who was then travelling in Italy, the " Return of Arminius victorious over the legions of Varus " and " jEneas celebrating the

was matriculated as student of law at the University of Bonn. Together with his scientific studies he culti- vated an intelligent love of mu.sic and singing; held inspiring intercourse with such composers as Felix Mendelsstjhn, Barthokly, and I'ranz Liszt, with poets hke Gottfried Kinkel, and with his future wife Johanna, L'e Mockel; and with these artistic friends he founded

Funeral Rites of Pallas". In the last years of her life a poetical society called the "Maikaferbund". On

she was sorely tried by reverses of fortune and by the occasion of the first Beethoven festi\'al and of the

the death of her husband (1795). "The poverty does unveiling of the Beethoven Monument, in the summer

not terrify me", she confided to an intimate friend, of 1845, Kaufmann founded the still extant male

"but the loneliness kills me." She languished for some choral society of Bonn, the "Concordia". When the

twelve years. The academicians of St. Luke assisted revolutionary disturbances broke out in May, 1S48,

at her obsequies in the church of S. Andrea delle FVate, and many of the burgomasters in the Rhenish prov-

where she was buried. It was chiefly as a portrait- inces voluntarily gave up their positions, he was

Eainter that Angelica Kauffmann was distinguished; appointed first government referendary of the burgo-

er light touch is not wanting in grace, nor her colour- master administrator at Ilnkel on the Rhine, ami one

ing in brilliancy. In this genre, the portrait of the year later d<>|nity landrath or president of the District

Duchess of Brunswick, sister of George III, is consid- of Zell cm t lie Moselle. In October, 1S,-)(1, he was elected

ered her mastcrpii-ce. Her portrait of lier.>ielf is to be Burgomaster of Bonn, which at that time contauied

seen in the Berlin M\i.seum. Her historical pictures are altogi4her inferior; the scntimenlalism of the period in which she lived corilribulcd to their vogue, and they have since declined coiisitleral)ly in the general esti-

18,000 inhaliitants, and assmiicd ollice in the following May. In 1859 he received the title of chief burgo- master. Among the important enterprises which he planned for the welfare of the city, and which he cor-