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KAUFFMANN

were suppressed by the French Government, and any later work was carried on by secular priests. In 1795 the Kaskaskia first entered into treaty relations with the United States, and in 1S:52, together with the kin- dred Peoria, they ceded all of their remaining original territory in Illinois and were assigned to a reservation in what is now north-eastern Oklahoma, where they still reside, the entire confederated band, including Kaskaskia, Peoria, and other representati\ es of the old Illinois, together with the remnant of flic Wca and Piankishaw of Indiana, numbering only 2UU souls, not one of whom is full-blood, and not more than a dozen of whom retain the language.

Indian CommissAmer's Annual Repls.: Jesuit Relations: Illi- nois Missions; Kappler, Indian Treaties (Washington, 1903) ; Sbea, Catholic Missions (New York, 1854).

James Mooney.

Eassa. See Cassovia, Diocese of.

Kassai, Prekkcture Apostolic of Upper, erected as a simplf mission in 1901, and detached, as a prefec- ture Apostolic, from the Vicariate of Belgian Congo since 20 August, 1901. The resi- dence of the pre- fect Apostolic is the mission of St. Joseph de Lulua- bourg situated a few miles to the south of the station of the Belgian col- ony of Luluabourg, in the district of Lualaha-K a s s a i , the chief town of which is Lusambo, residence of the district commis- sioner. The pre- fecture, at the time of its creation, comprised almost all the Lualaba- Kassai district. It was bounded on the north by the Vicariate of Belgian Congo (district of the Equa- teur) ; on the east by the same vicariate (territory of the Katanga Company); on the south by Portu- guese Congo; on the west by the Lubue river. In 1908 it was enlarged by taking as its boundaries on the east the left bank of the Lualaba, and on the west the Prefecture of the Kwango, wliieh is in charge of the Jesuit Fathers.

The climate is hot and damp and the ground marshy. Fever is endemic, while the "sleeping sick- ness" makes great ravages among the blacks and may be communicated to white men by the tsetse fly. The languages used are those of the Bena Lulua, the Ba- luba, Bena Kanioka, the Batetela, the Bakuba, the Bakete, and the Balunda. It is impossible to fix even approximately the number of inhabitants, more than half of the prefecture being as yet unexplored. All that can be said is that the population numbers mill- ions of pagans all devoted to a rude fetichism. Man lives there in the primitive state; in certain regions, among others that of the Bakete, the natives, men and women, go entirely naked. Only one religious order of men is engaged in the evangelization of this country, the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary of Scheut-les-Bruxelles; there is also but a single reli- gious order of women, the Sisters of Charity of Ghent, Belgium.

Since 15 November, 1891, when Fere Cambier ar- rived alone at Luluabourg to commence the evangeli- zation of these regions, eleven residences have been es- tablished. They are, in the order of their foundation : VIII.— 39

A Vkstal Virgin

Angelica Kauffmann, Pinacoteca,

Dresden

(1) St- Joseph de Luluabourg; (2) M^rode Salvator (Kala Kafumba); (3) St-Trudon de Lusambo; (4) Hemptinne St-Bdnoit ; (5) Tielen St-Jacques ; (6) Bena Makima St-Victorien; (7) St-Antoine de Lu- sambo; (8) Lusambo; (9) Udemba; (10) Pangu-hopi- tal; (11) Liege-Sacrls-Cceurs at Katanga. Besides these large residences, tended by at least three priests or two priests and a lay brother, nineteen fermes- chapelles (or Christian villages) have been established in the prefecture. They are named: (1) Louvain- Alma-Mater; (2) Grammont Notre-Dame sur la Mon- tague; (3) Notre-Dame de Lourdes; (4) Lourdes- Notre-Dame; (5) Ypres; (6) St-Antoine; (7) Flobecq Notre-Dame de la Paix; (8) Tshibata Notre-Dame de Congo; (9) Lou vain Adolphe Edmond; (10) Courtrai St-Amand; (11) Kasangai St-Remi; (12) Bakete; (13) Tshifwadi Sacr^-Coeur; (14) Tshileta; (15) Kanjiki St-Jean; (16) Hely St-Aignan; (17) Merode Wester- loo; (IS) Liege St-Urbain; and (19) Harelbeke St- Charles.

The religious in charge are thirty-three priests and thirteen brothers of the Congregation of Scheut, and twenty Sisters of Charity of Ghent, who live in three residences, St-Joseph, St-Trudon de Lu- sambo and Hemptinne St-B6noit. There are in the prefecture about twenty churches and chapels; over five thousand Catholics and about six thousand catechumens; eleven schools, at- tended by about eight hundred boys and five hun- dred girls. Over seven hundred orphans are cared for in orphan asy- lums.

The Prefect Apostolic of Upper Kassai is Most Rev. Emeri Cam- bier, born at Flo- becq (Belgian Hainault), 2 Jan- uary, 1865. He was ordained priest 20 Novem- ber, 1 887, arrived in the Congo in 1888, at Lulua- bourg in 1891, and in 1904 was placed at the head of the newly created prefecture Apostolic. The King of Bel- gium has lately named him an officer of the Royal Order of the Lion in recognition of his services in South Africa.

Battandier. Anyiuaire panlificale catholique (Paris, 1910); Missiones cathnlicm (Rome, 1910).

Emeri Cambier.

Kauffmann, Angelica, b. at Coire, in the canton of Orisons, Switzerland, 3 October, 1741 ; d. at Rome, 5 Nov., 1807. She was the pupil of her father, Johann Joseph, a painter of mediocre talent, who, neverthe- less, had an excellent knowledge of the principles underlying his art, and initiated AngeUca at an early age into the difficult use of colours. An astonishingly precocious child, she was summoned to Conio by the bishop, Monsignor Nevroni, who desired her to make a portrait of him, at which time she had not yet com- pleted her twelfth year. Francis III of Este, Duke of Modena and Governor of Milan, declared himself her protector. Cardinal Roth invited her to Constance and commissioned her to paint his portrait. At the same time Angelica showed a great aptitude for music

Stanislaus II. King of Poland

Angelica Kauffmann. Uffizi Gallery,

Florence