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 EAGER

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EAISERWILHELMSLAND

amy is decreasing slowly but surely. The dangerous Ethiopian movement (the revolt of native Christians from the control of white missionaries) is felt in all Protestant missions, but has had little footing in Catholic stations. The principal Catholic Kafir mis- sions are now in the hands of Trappists, Oblates of Mary Immaculate, and Jesuits. Full statistics are not obtainable. The census of 1904 shows that in Cape Colony Catholics of non-European descent were ' under 5000. The Trappists have 58 priests, 223 lay brothers, and 328 nuns, working among the natives; 82 schools, and 42 mission stations. About 12,000 Kafirs in South Africa to-day have been trained in Trappist stations.

South African Native Affairs Commission, 190S-B (Cape Ton-n, 1905) ; Cens-m of Cape Coloni/ (Cape Town, 1905) ; Theal, History of South Africa (London, 1897); Idem, The Portuguese in South Africa (Cape Town, 1S96); Torrend, Comparative Grammar of the South African Bantu Languages (London, 1891); Bryant, Kafir Dictionary, preface (London, 1905).

Sidney R. Welch.

Eager, Johann Matthias, German historical painter, b. at Munich, 1566; d. at Augsburg, 1634. He was originally a pupil of Pieter de Witte (Candito), but went to Rome when young, and spent several years there. On his return, he was called to Munich by the Elector Maximilian, who appointed him to be his principal painter, and granted him a considerable allowance. He settled down in Augsburg, and spent the rest of his years in that place, becoming burgo- master. He decorated many of the palaces and churches at Munich, but his finest work, called " The Last Judgment", is in the Senate Hall at Augsburg. A notable picture by him is a representation of " David and Abigail ", now at Vienna. He etched several plates from his own design, representing religious sub- jects (dated 1600, 1601, 1603), and his pictures were also engraved by two members of the Sadeler family, and by Kilian, the plates numbering altogether over seventy. He practised in architecture, and painted a few miniatures, but his chief work was in fresco and in oil.

WoLTMAN, Gesch. der Malerei: Descamps, La Vie dea Pein- tres (Paris, 1753); Siret, Dictionnaire dea Peintres (Paris, 1883).

George Chakles Williamson.

Eaisarieh. See C.esabea.

Kaiser, Kajetan Georg von, chemist, b. at Kel- heim on the Danube (Bavaria), 5 Jan., 1803; d. at Munich, 28 Aug., 1871. He was appointed professor of technology at the University of Munich in 1851, and in 1868 became professor of applied chemistry at the technical high school in the same city. His scien- tific researches into the chemistry of fermentation are of importance; a .saccharometcr invented by him in 1842 serves for the determination of the percentages of the contents of wort. In addition to articles in scien- tific journals, he published the paper " Ueber Bierun- tersuchungen und Fehler, welche dabei gemacht werden konnen" (Munich, 1846). He also brought out the scientific works of his friend, the chemist and mineral- ogist, Johann Neporauk von Fuchs (d. 1856), under the title "Gesammelte Schriften des Joh. Nep. von Fuchs" (Munich, 18.56), adding an obituary notice of that scientist. Like Fuchs, Kaiser always remained a faithful and steadfast Catholic, even in the period of 1870-1. It is stated of him in an obituary notice that "his Catholic belief was the invulnerable spot in his heart, in which he always maintained his own individ- uality under every trial".

licrirhte der dcutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, IV (Berlin, 1S71 ) : Kneller, Das Chrislentum und die Vertreter der ncueren Naturwitsenschaft (Freiburg iin Br., 1904).

J. ROMPEL.

Kaiserchronik (deh Keiskr und der Kunige buoch), a German epic poem of the twelfth century. It is at once a kind of " Legend of all the Saints " and a confused but remarkable account of the Roman em-

perors and also of the German emperors and kings to the crusade of King Conrad III (1147). The language is comparatively good and often quite poetic. The chronicle was written about 1150. Undoubtedly the work of an ecclesiastic of Ratisbon, an earnest partisan of the Guelphs, the chronicle is not improbably to be referred to Konrad der Pfaffe (q. v.), who com- posed the well-known "Song of Roland" (Rolands- lied). He drew his information from the "Chronicon Wirzeburgense", the "Chronicle" of Ekkehard (see Ekkehahd IV), and the "Annohed"; it may be that he also drew from some earlier record or rhymed chronicle. Judging from the large number of manu- scripts still extant (twelve complete and seventeen partial), it must have been very popular, and it was twice continued in the thirteenth century. The origi- nal poem, according to the latest authorities, ended with verse 17283; the first addition, called "Bava- rian", comprised 800 verses, while the second, the " Swaljian ", which brought the poem to the Interreg- num (1254-73), consisted of 483 lines. The chronicle was first pubhshed in full by Massmann (Quedlinburg, 1849-54) in three volumes, under the title: "Die sogenannte Kaiserchronik, Gedicht des 12. Jahrhun- derts in 18578 Reimzeilen", with careful researches into manuscripts, investigation of authorship, age, etc. The best edition is that of Schroder: "Die Kaiserchronik eines Regensburger Geistlichen " (Han- over, 1892), in "Mon. Germ. Deutsche Chroniken", I, i; Appendix i is the Bavarian, appendix ii the Swabian continuation.

Gredy, Ueber die Kaiserchronik ein Gedicht des IB. Jahrhun- derts. Mit neuhochdeutschen Uebertragungen und Anmerkungen (Mainz, 1S54); Welzhofer, Untersuchunpen iiber die deutsche Kaiserchronik (Munich, 1874). in Zeitschrift fiir deutsches Alter- thum, XIV, XVII, XIX, XXVI, XXXII, XXXIV.

Patricius Schlager.

Kaiserwilhelmsland, Prefecture Apostolic of, comprises the German part of the island of New Guinea, area about 460,000 sq. miles; about 1,000,000 inhabitants. It was only in August, 1896, that the first Catholic missionaries arrived there, three priests and three brothers. On a coast extending about four hundred miles there are now twelve stations estab- lished. The small mission steamboat "Gabriel" is the means of communication along the coast. The Apostolic prefecture was established in 1896 and trans- ferred to the Society of the Divine Word. It had in 1909 twenty-two priests, seventeen lay brothers, and twenty-nine sisters; there are no native priests, the mission being too new. A cathedral is already plan- ned, St. Michael's in Alexishafen. Since the begin- ning of the mission there have been 1960 baptisms. There are thirteen parochial schools and 600 pupils; priests instruct in religion, while the sisters (Serva; Spiritus Sancti) teach reading, writing, arithmetic, singing, and geography. \ catechism school has just been started. The principal difficulty is the variety of languages; at St. Michael's about 120 pupils speak twenty-five different languages. The common lan- guage is German. Some of the adult pupils learn from the brothers useful trades, e. g. carpentering, joinery, smith-work, boat-building, mason-work, and tailoring. Some farms have been started, so that the lower classes of New Guineans may learn to appreciate and love the work. It is hoped that in time, through the practice of useful occupations, the mission will be entirely self-supporting. Each mission is governed by a priest, who is subject to a dean, whoso duty it is to see that the rules are observed. Conferences are held every three or four weeks, and in order to promote the spiritual welfare of the community, an eight-day re- treat is given yearly.

It was at first proposed to found a leper settlement, but for the present this charitable work has failed, owing to the deep mistrust and superstition of the New Guinean character. Moreover, they have an