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 JULIANA

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JULIANA

Naples, telling him to accede to the wishes of Januaria ("Gregorii Magni epist.", lib. IX, ep. xxxv, in Migne, P. L., LXXyil, 1015). The Acts of St. Juliana used by Bede in his " Martyrologiura" are purely legendary, and are found in both a Latin and a Greek version. According to the account given in this legend, St. Juliana lived in Nicoraedia and was betrothed to the Senator Eleusius. Her father Africanus was a pagan and hostile to the Christians. In the persecution of Maximianus, Juliana was beheaded after suffering frightful tortures. Soon after a noble lady, nanietl Sephonia, came through Nicomedia and took the saint's body with her to Italy, and had it buried in Campania. Evidently it was this alleged translation that caused the martyred Juliana, honoured in Nico- media, to be identified with St. Juliana of Cumse, al- though they are quite distinct persons. The venera- tion of St. Juliana of Cum* became very widespread, especially in the Netherlands. At the beginning of the thirteenth century her remains were transferred to Naples. The description of this translation by a con- temporary writer is still extant. The feast of the saint is celebrated in the Latin Church on 16 Feb., in the Greek on 21 December. Her Acts describe the conflicts which she is said to have had with the devil; she is represented in pictures with a winged devil whom she leads by a chain.

MoMBRiTius, Sanctuarium, II, fol. 41 v. — 43 v.; Acta SS., Feb., II, 868 sqq.; Migne. P. G., CXIV, 1437-52; Bibliotheca hagioQT. tat.. I, 670 sq.; Bibl. hagiogr. grceca (2nd ed.), 134; NiLLES, Kaiendarium manuale, I (2nd ed., Innsbruck, 1896), 359; Mazocchi, In vetus S. NeapolitancB ecclesicB Kaiendarium commenlarius, I (Naples, 1744), 56-9; Cockayne, St. Juliana (London. 1872); Vita di S. Giuliana (Novara, 1889); Back- HAU3, Ueber die Quelle der mittelenglischen Legende der hi, Juli- ana undihT Yerhdltnis zu CynewviSs Juliana (Halle, 1899). J. P. KiRSCH.

Juliana Falconieri, Saint, b. in 1270; d. 12 June, 1341. Juliana lielonged to the noble Florentine fam- ily of Falconieri. Her uncle, St. Alexis Falconieri, was one of the seven founders of the Servite Order (q. v.). Through his influence she also consecrated her- self from her earliest youth to the religious life and the practices of Christian perfection. After her father's death she received about A. d. 1.385 from St. Philip Benitius, then General of the Servites, the habit of the Third Order, of which she became the foundress. Un- til her mother's death she remained in her parents' house, where she followed the rule given her by St. Philip Benitius, practising perfect chastity, strict mor- tification, severe penance, zealous prayer, and works of Christian charity. After her mother's death she and several companions moved into a house of their own in 1305, which thus became the first convent of the Sis- ters of the Third Order of Servites, Juliana remaining the superior until the end of her life. Their dress con- sisted of a black gown, secured by a leathern girdle, and a white veil. As the gown had short sleeves to facilitate work, people called the sisters of the new order "Mantellate". They devoted themselves es- pecially to the care of the sick and other works of mercy, and the superioress, through her heroic deeds of charity, set a noble example to all. For thirty-five years Juliana directed the community of Servite Terti- aries. An extraordinary occurrence, mentioned in the oTatio of her feast day, took place at her death. Be- ing unable to receive Holy Communion because of con- stant vomiting, she requested the priest to spread a corporal upon her breast and lay the Host on it. Shortly afterwards the Host disappeared and Juliana e.xpired, and the image of a cross, such as had been on the Host, was found on her breast. Immediately after her death she was honoured as a saint. The Order of Servite Tertiaries was sanctioned by Martin V in 1420. Benedict XIII granted the Servites permission to celebrate the Feast of St. Juliana. Clement XII canonized her in 1737, and extended the celebration of her feast on 19 June to the entire

Church. St. Juliana is usually represented in the habit of her order with a Host upon her breast.

Acta SS., Ill, June, 917-25; Bernardus, Vita della beata Giuliana Falconieri (Florence. 1681); Lorenzini, Vita di S. Giuliana Falconieri (Rome, 1738); Legenda di S. Giuliana Fal- conieri, con note di Agost. Morini (Florence, 1864); Battini, Compendia della vita di S. Giuliana Falconieri (Bologna, 1866); Soulier, Life of St. Juliana Falconieri (London, 1898); Lepi- ciER, Ste. Julienne Falconieri fondatrice des Mantelees (Brussels, 1907).

J. P. IVIRSCH.

Julian and Basilissa, Saints, husband and wife, died at Antioch or, more probably, at Antinoe, in the reign of Diocletian, early in the fourth century, on 9 January, according to the Roman Martyrology, or 8 January, according to the (ireck Mena?a. We have no historically certain data relating to these two holy personages, and more than once tliis Julian of An- tinoe has been confounded with Julian of Cilicia. The confusion is easily explained by the fact that tliirty- nine saints of this name are mentioned in the Roman Martyrology, eight of whom are commemorated in the one month of January. But little is known of tliis saint, once we put aside the exaggerations of his Acts. Forced by his family to marry, he agreed with his spouse, Basilissa, that they should both preserve their virginity, and further encouraged her to found a con- vent for women, of which she became the superior, while he himself gathered a large number of monks and undertook their direction. Basilissa died a very holy death, but martyrdom was reserved for Julian. During the persecution of Diocletian he was arrested, tortured, and put to death at Antioch, in Syria, by the order of the governor, Martian, according to the Latins; at Antinoe, in Egypt, according to the Greeks, which seems more probable. Unfortu- nately, the Acts of this mart>T belong to those pious romances so much appreciated in early times, whose authors, concerned only for the edification of their readers, drowned the few known facts in a mass of imaginary details. Like many similar lives of saints, it offers miracles, prodigies, and improbable utter- ances, that lack the least historical value. In any case these two saints must have enjoyed a great repu- tation in antiquity, and their veneration was well es- tablished before the eighth century. In the " Marty- rologiura Hieronymianum " they are mentioned under 6 January; Usuard, Ado, Notker, and others place them under the ninth, and Rabanus Maiirus under the thirteenth of the same month, while Vandel- bert puts them under 13 February, and the Menol- ogy of Canisius under 21 June, the day to which the Greek Mena?a assign St. Julian of Ca^sarea. There used to exist at Constantinople a church under the invocation of these saints, the dedication of which is inscribed in the Greek Calendar under 5 July.

Acta SS. Bolland, Jan., I (1643), 570-75; Marchini, J SS. Giuliana e Basili.'isa sposi, vergini e martiri, protettori dei con- jugati (CJenoa, 187.3); Tillemont. Memoires pour servir a Vhist. eccl., V (Paris, 1698), 799 sqq.; SuBius, Vit. Sanct., I (Venice, 1581), 61-62.

Leon Clugnet.

Juliana of Liege, Saint, nun, b. at Retinnes, near Liege, Belgium, 1193; d. at Fosses, 5 April, 125S. At the age of fi\'e she lost her parents and was placed in the convent of Mont-Cornillon, near Liege. She made rapid progress, and read with pleasure the writings of St. Augustine anil St. BernartI. She also cultivated an ardent love of the Blessed Virgin, the Sacred Passion, and especially the Blessed Sacrament. In 120(1 she received the veil, ami de\-ote(l liei-self to the sick in the hospital in charge of the convent. She very early exerted every energy to introduce the feast of Corpus Christi. In 1230 she was chosen superioress by the unanimous vote of the community. But soon God sent heavy trials. Her convent was under the super- vision of a general superior, Roger, a man of vicious and scandalous habits; he secured this position in 1233 by intrigues and bribery. Disliking the virtues