Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 8.djvu/574

 JORDANUS

502

JOSAPHAT

and is dedicated to his friend Castulus (Castalius), at whose instance it was begun about 551. It is sub- stantially an extract from the Gothic history of Cassio- dorus Senator, which probably bore the same title. But as this latter work was lost at a very early date, this excerpt becomes of almost inestimable value in determining a series of facts in the history of the Goths and of popular migrations. Naturally, Jordanis trans- planted into his work the fundamental itlea of Cassi- odorus, namely the conviction that the only way to secine for the Gothic race a prosperous future was to bring about its peaceful absorption into the Roman Empire as the centre of Catholicism and of civilization. The second of his works is sometimes called " De summa temporura vel origine actibusque gentis Ro- manorum", sometimes "De regnorum et temporum successione", at other times "Liber de origine mundi et actibus Romanorum ceterarumque gentium", and again " De gestis Romanorum ". Jordanis served as a source of information for the geographers of Ravenna, for Paul the Deacon, for Hermann Contractus, Hugh of Flavigny, and others. The following, among some forty editions, are worth noting: Augsburg, 1515, of the recension of Conrad Peutinger; Migne, P. L., LXIX; Mommsen in "Monumenta Germ, .^uctores antiquis- simi", V; Germ. tr. in the " Geschichtsschreiber der deutschen Vorzeit", V; Fr. tr. by Savagner (Paris, 1842 and 1883) ; Swedish translation by Peringskiold (Stockholm, 1719).

Teuffel-Schwabe, Ge.sch. der rijmischen TAierniur (1S90),

§485; Allgem. deutsche Biogr., JCIV; Wattenbach, Z>eu/5cA-

lands Geschichtsquetlen, I (1893), 72-9; Potthast, Bibliotheca,

I (1896), 682-4; Acbland in Did. Chris. Biog., s. v. Jordanus.

Patricius Schlager.

Jordanus of Giano (db Jano), ItaUan Minorite, b. at Giano in the Valley of Spoleto, c. 1195; d. after 1262. About the year 1220 he entered the FrancLsean Order and a year later was sent to Germany with a few other members of his order under the leadership of Ca;sarius of Speyer, the first Minorite provincial of Germany. In 122.3 he was ordained priest, and in 1225 he became guardian at Mainz and custos of the Minorite houses in Thuringia. He did much for the spread of his order in Northern Germany. In 1230, and again in 1238, he was sent to Italy on business relating to his order. He was present at a chapter of German Franciscans held at Halberstadt in 12G2. On this occasion he dictated the early memoirs of the Franciscans in Germany (De primitivorum Fratrum in Theutoniam missorum et conversatione et vita) to a certain Brother Baldwin of Brandenburg. The mem- oirs begin with the year 1207 and are one of the chief sources for Franciscan history in Germany. The only extant manuscript breaks off abruptly at the year 1238, and has been carefully edited in "Analecta Franciscana", I (Quaracchi, 18S.5), 1-19. A German translation with many erroneous annotations was pulilished by Voigt in "Abhandlungen der philo- logisch-historischen Klasse der sachsischen Gesell- schaft der Wissenschaften", V (Leipzig, 1870).

Denifle in Airchiv fur Literatur- und Kirckengeschichte des Mittelalters, I (Berlin, 1885), 630-40; Felder, Geschichte der wiasenschaftlichen Sludien im Franziskaner Orden bis um die Mitie des IS. Jahrh. (Freiburg, 1904), passim; French tr. (Bar-le-Duc and Paris, 1908).

Michael Ott.

Jorg, Joseph Edmund, historian and politician, b. 23 Dec, 1819, at Immenstadt (Allgau); d. at Lands- hut, IS Nov., 1901. The son of a subaltern, he first studied theology, then philology and history at Mu- nich. He was a pupil of Dollinger, and was for years his collaborator in his "Geschichte der Reformation". In 1852 he was engaged in the Bavarian Record Office, and undertook in the same year the editorship of the "Ilistorisch-politische Blatter", which he retained (from 1857 with Franz Binder) till a short time before his death. For decades his "Zeitliiufte", which ap- peared in this jM'riodical, attracted great attention.

On account of his opposition to the Government, he was transferred to Neuburg on the Danube, but was elected in 1863 a substitute member of the Bavarian Lower House, to which he belonged till ISSl. He was promoted in 1866 to the position of district archivist at Landshut; from 1868 to 1869 he was a member of the German Zollparlament, and from 1874 to 1879 a member of the German Reichstag. His first work, "Deutschland in der Revolutionsperiode, 1522-26" (1851), a liistory of the German War of the Peasants, was a work of great literary excellence. The later books, " Geschichte des Protestantismus in seiner neuesten Entwiekelung " (1858) and "Die neue Aera in Preussen " (1860), are a collection of separate essays published in the paper " Historisch-politisehe Blat- ter". He was one of the first to realize the true meaning of the development of socialism, and as early as 1867 his " Geschichte der sozialpolitischen Parteien in Deutschland" appeared, having originated in his "Aphorismen" on the socialist movement published in the "Historisch-politisehe Blatter". Jorg was a conservative, a " Great German ", a convinced Bava- rian monarchist, and a determined but honest oppo- nent of the Bavarian Liberal party and of the subordination of Bavaria to Prussia. The Bavarian " Volkspartei " (People's Party) grew with his co- operation in a few years from a modest group to a majority in the House (1869).

Under King Max II, Jorg was violently opposed to the ministry of von der Pfordten, as he was also to the alliance made with Prussia (22 August) after the un- fortunate issue of the war of 1866. His address to the House in Jan., 1870^ occasioned the resignation of I'rince Hohenlohe with a part of his cabinet. But henceforth events took their course uninfluenced by Jorg. At the outbreak of the Franco-German War, he advocated the armed neutrality of Bavaria, but was deserted in the House by a number of his party; he was thus unable to prevent his country's participation in the war and the entrance of Bavaria, by the Treaty of Versailles, into the new German Empire. However, he afterwards loyally accepted the new order of things. In the Reichstag his proposal to call a meeting of the committee for foreign affairs under the presidency of Bavaria gave rise to a violent conflict with Bismarck on 4 December, 1874. His attack on the Lutz min- istry in 1875 failed because of the opposition of the Crown. He left the Reichstag in 1879, and two years later the Bavarian House, thereby ending his public life. The last twenty years of his life were passed on the Burg Trausnitz near Landshut (whence he was known as the "Hermit of the Trau.snitz "), and the remainder of his days was devoted to his journalistic work and his duties in the district archives of Lanels- hut. A man of stainless honour, a Catholic of firm faith, a prominent politician, a sound political writer and thorough scholar, he was a strongly marked per- sonality, and is acknowledged as such even by his opponents. Besides his above-named works his "Memoirs" also deserve mention.

Obituary by Binder in liislorisch-polit. Blatter, CXXVIII (1901), 773. For a list of the other scanty sources see Do- BERL in Biograph. Jahrbuch u. deutscher Nekrolog, VI (1904); cf. Totenliste, ibid., 52.

Hermann Cardauns.

Jornandes. See Jordanis.

Josaphat. See Barlaam and Josai'hat.

Josaphat (D^fin^ — Yahweh hath judged; Sept. ' Iwa-atpdr), fourth King of Juda after the schism of the Ten Tribes. He was the son and successor of Asa, whose virtuous reign had established good traditions to which the new king endeavoured to remain faithful. He ascended the thniiic at the age of thirty-five and reigned twenty-three years (914-S89 B. c; 877-53 ac- cording to the Assyrian chronology). His zeal in sup- pressing the idolatrous worship of the "high places" is commendeil ( 1 1 P.-ir., xvii, (>), but it was only partially