Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 8.djvu/390

 JEHU

332

JENES

Besides the works referred to in the text, the reader may con- sult: Reland, Decas Exercilationum (Utrecht. 1707); .Schra- DER in SrnENKEt's Bihd Lexicon, s. v.Jalive: Prat. Diet, de la Bible, 3. V. Jchccah; Robertsox .Smith in Brit, and Foreign Evang. Review (.lanuary. 1876). gives a summary of recent dis- cussion of the subject; Oehler. Real-Encyclopiidie, s. v. Jehova.

A. J. Maas.

Jehu (Heb. Xiri').— The derivation of the name is uncertain. By some it is translated " Yahweli is he".

I. Jehu (Sept. 'loii), a prophet, described in III Kings, xvi, 1, as the son of Hanani, and as prophesy- ing against Baasa, the then reigning King of Israel. Ilanani is probably to be identified with the prophet of that name mentioned in II Par., xvi, 7. It is un- certain whether Jehu Ijelonged to the Southern or Northern Kingdom, but, at all events, his ministry seems to have been exercised chiefly in the latter. He appears later in the reign of Josaphat, King of Juda, whom he reproaches for his alliance with Achab (cf. II Par., xix, 2-.3). lie outlived Josaphat, and wrote the history of his reign (II Par., xx, .34).

II. Jehu, the tenth King of Israel, 884 to 856, or 865 to 838, son of Josaphat, son of Namsi; his tribe is not mentioned. According to Josephus (Antiq., IX, vi, 1) he was chief commandant of the army of Joram, his predecessor. For his sudden elevation to the royal power and his bloody reign see IV Kings, ix, x. The Prophet Elias had previously received a com- mand from the Lord to anoint Jehu king over Israel (III Kings, xix, 16), but the order was only carried out by Eliseus, his successor. While Joram, King of Israel, was stil! convalescing in Jezrahel from a wound, Eliseus sent "one of the sons of the prophets" to Jehu's head-quarters in RamothGalaad with orders to anoint him king and announce to him his mission of Divine vengeance against the wicked house of Achab. Jehu was immediately acclaimed king by his brother officers, and he forthwith set out in his chariot with his followers for Jezrahel, where Ozochias, King of Juda, was visiting his ally Joram. They fled, but Joram was killed by an arrow from the bow of Jehu, and Ozochias, being mortally wounded, died shortly after in Mageddo. Entering the town of Jezrahel, Jehu percei^'ed the Queen Jezabel at a window of her palace, and he bade her attendants to cast her down headlong and she was trampled under the hoofs of the horses (III Kings, xxi, 2.3). Consistently with his programme of vengeance, Jehu caused the seventy sons of Achab who resided in Samaria to be put to death, and likewise all of the chief men and friends and priests of the house of Achab, as well as forty-two men of the brethren of Ozochias. He abolished the wor- ship of Baal and slew its priests and followers, but he maintained the worship of the golden calves erected by Jeroboam. He was commentled by Yahweh for his conduct towards the house of Achab, but nevertheless he is counted among the unfaithful rulers. Brief al- lusion is made to his defence of Israel against the in- cursions of the Syrians. On the occasion of Salman- asar's invasion in 842, Jehu sent a delegation to meet the Assyrian conqueror, with rich presents. This fact is recorded in one of the cuneiform inscriptions of Sal- manasar, where Jehu is called the son of Amri (Iliini- rii), doubtless through a mistake on the part of the Assyrian annalist, who naturally considered Jehu as a lineal descendant of Amri, the founder of Samaria, since he occuiped the throne of that dynasty. The same event is pictorially set forth on the Nimrod obelisk.

III. Jehu (Sept. 'Iijoi)), son of Obed, of the tribe of Juda (I Par., ii, :5S).

IV. Jehu, son of Josabia, of the tribe of Simeon (I Par., iv, 35).

V. Jehu (Sept. 'IijoiJX), one of David's heroes, of the tril)e of Benjamin, native of Anathoth (I Par., xii, 3).

ViGOUROux. Diet, de la Bible, s. v.; Hastings. Diet, of the miile.a. v.; JosEPHVH. Antiquilien of tlie Jeu«. IX. vi, 1.

J.\MES 1'". DkISCOLL.

Jemez Pueblo, an Indian pueblo situated upon the north l)ank of the river of the same name about twenty miles north-west of Bernalillo, New Mexico. Its inhabitants, of Tanoan Shoshoncan .stock, are all that remain of an important trilje occupying some ten villages in the same region when first known to the Spaniards in 1541. The name comes from their Keran neighbours. They themselves call their town Walatoa, "Bear Village". The Jemez country was first entered by Coronado in 1541, and was visited later by Espejo (1583) and Onate (1598). Through the efforts of the Franciscan Father Martin de Ar- vide the tribe was induced, about 1618, to concen- trate in two villages, in each of which a mission was estabhshed. Somewhat later one of these was aban- doned for a new station, San Juan (de los Jemez). Twice the Jemez, in coimexion with some other In- dians, conspired against the Spaniards, but the risings were speedily suppressed, until the outbreak of the general Pueblo rebellion in 1680, when the Jemez rose in both villages, killing one of the missionaries. At last, in 1694, General Vargas stormed their pueblo, killing nearly 100 of the inhabitants and carrying off nearly 400 prisoners. The village was also destroyed, reducing the tribe to the single pueblo of San Diego. In 1696 they again revolted, killing the resident Fran- ciscan missionary, and fled west to the Navaho. After some years of exile they returned and built the pueblo in which they now reside. In 1728 and 1780-1 they suffered heavily from smallpox. They number now about 500, including the remnant of the kindred Pecos tribe. Both a government and a Franciscan day- school are kept among them. In culture and general characteristics the Jemez resemble the other Pueblos. Ba.ncropt, Hist. Arizona and Xew Mexico; Bandelier, Archeol. Inst. Papers; Hodge, Handbook; Wi.nship, Coronado Expedition in Fourteenth Rpl. Bur. Am. Ethnol., for which see

IXDIANS, .\mERICAN.

James Mooney.

Jeningen, Philipp, Venerable, b. at Eichstatt, Bavaria, 5 Jan., 1642; d. at EUwangen, 8 Feb., 1704. EnteringtheSocietyof Jesus, 19 Jan., 1663, he became a most successful popular missionary at the shrine of Our Lady of Schonenberg. near EUwangen in Sw'abia, made famous by the Jesuits, antl to which Jeningen, through the renown of his holiness, drew pilgrims from near and far. For many years he went forth on missions in the entire neighbouring country, his burn- ing zeal achieving wonderful results. He is yet re- membered as the "Apostle of the Ries".

Pergmayr, Vita. . . Philippi Jeningen. . . (Ingolstadt and Munich, 1763); Hausen. Leben. . . Philipp Jeningen . . . (Dillingen, 1766; Ratisbon, 1873); Piscalab, Aus dem Leben des ehrw. Philipp Jeningen. . . (Paderbom, 1859) ; Der ehrw. P. Philipp Jeningen. . . von einem Priester der Dioz. von Rottenhurg (EUwangen, 1908); Beschreibung der lauretani- sehen Kapelle untl Kirche auf dem Schonenberg (EUwangen, 1870); a life in MS. at the Jesuit College at Feldkirch; a collec- tion of letters in the archives of the German province.

A. HUONDER.

Jenks, Silvester, theologian, b. in Shropshire, c. 1656; d. early in December, 1714. He was educated at Douai College, where he was ordained priest 23 Sept., 1684. and where he was professor of philosophy from 1680 to 1686. He was later a preacher in ordi- nary to James II. At the Revolution of 1688 he fled to Flanders. On his return to England he laboured as a missionary in or near London anil was appointed by the chapter Archdeacon of Surrey and Kent. In 1711 he was elected by Propaganda Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District (13 Aug.. 1713), but died of paral- ysis before his consecration, .'\mong his works are: "A Contrite and Hunililc Heart" (Paris, 1692); "Practical Discourses on the Moralitv of the Gospel" (1699); "The Blind Obedience of a Humble Penitent the Best Cure for Scruples" (1699, republished, Lon- don, 1,872); "The Whole Duty of a Christian" (1707): "A Short Review of the Book of Jansenius" (1710).