Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 8.djvu/383

 JASSUS

325

JAUREGUI

spectivcly with iii, -10; vii, 42; x, 9; xiii, 2G; xv, 37. Jason composed his work in Greek, not long after 160 B. c, at which date the Second Book of the Machabees closes its narrative. He was thus contemporary with the events which he chroni- cled.

IV. J.^soN, THE High- Priest. — This unworthy son of Simon the Just purchased at great price from An- tiochus Epiphanes the deposition of his brother Onias III from the high-priesthood. During the three years of his own pontificate, he did all in his power to corrupt the faith and morals of the youth of Jerusalem (II Mach., iv, 7-17). On the occasion of the games celebrated at Tyre, in honour of Her- cules, he sent a Jewish deputation with a large sum of money which he intended to be spent on pagan sacrifices; at the request of his envoys, however, it was devoted to building galleys. He was finally supplanted by Menelaus, his own envoy to Anti- ochus, took refuge among the Ammonites (II Mach., iv, 23-26), captured Jerusalem next year, but had soon to fiee again among the Ammonites, wandered in different places, and ultimately died miserably at Sparta (II Mach., v, 1-10).

JosEPHCs. AnliguMes of Ike Jeus, XII. XIII; ScHi'RER, A History of the Jewish People, tr., I (New York, 1891) ; Gigot, Special Introd. to the O. T.. I (New York. 1901); Cra.mpon. La Sainte Bible, III (Paris, 1901); Knabenbauer, In duos Libras Machabceorum (Paris, 1907).

FR.VNCIS E. GiGOT.

Jassus, a titular see of Caria, and suffragan of Aphrodisias. The city was founded by colonists from Argos at an unknown date, and was re-established after a war with the natives of Caria by the people of Miletus. It is situated at the inner end of a gulf, on an islet now connected with the continent by a narrow strip of land ; according to Polybius its walls were ten stadia in circumference. Its fisheries (Strabo, XIX, ii, 21) are yet famous. During the Peloponnesian War Jassus was taken by the LacedEemonians, and later it was captured bj' Philip of Macedon. who was com- pelled by the Romans to return it to King Ptolemy of Egypt. Numerous Greek inscriptions found among its ruins aid in the reconstruction of its domestic his- tory. Four of its bishops are known: Themistius in 421, Flacillus in 4.51, David in 787, and Gregory in 878 (Lequien,"Oriens Christianus", 1,913). The see is men- tioned in the " Xova Tactica ", tenth century (Gelzer, "Georgii Cyprii descriptio orbis romani", nos. 340, 1464), and more recently in the "Xotitise Episco- patuum". It is now called Asin-Kaleh, and is a small town in the sanjak of Jlenteche and the Turkish province of Smyrna. In 1S35 Texier visited it and found it completely ruined and deserted, its walls of white marble, also theatres, several burial sites, and mausolea still standing; since then the Turks have carried away most of the material for building pur-

Spom and Wheler, Voyages, I (.Ajnsterdam, 1679). 1273; Chaniiler, Travels in Asia Minor, 226; Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, II (London, 1878), 5- Wadding- ton. Inscriptions d'Asie mineure. n. 2.51-312; Texier. Asie mineure (Paris. 1S62). 632-37; Bulletin de correspondance hel- leniqrie, V, 491-506; VIII, 454-58; XI, 213-18; XIII, 23-37-

■VTl' «1 I. •V\' Kl:^ lO '

XIV. 614; XV, 545-48.

S. Vailhe.

Jassy, Diocese of (Jassiensis), in Rumania. The town of Jassy stands in a verj^ fertile plain on the River Bahluiu, a tributary of the Pruth, and has 80,000 inhabitants, .\niong its most remarkable monuments are the church of the Three Saints and the monastery of the Three Hierarchs. Although the more or less independent principality of Moldavia was established al>out 1:14S, Jassy did not become its capital until the sixteenth eenturv. but subse<juently renuiini-d su.-li until ls.")9. when \Vallaelii:i was united svith Moldavia to constitute the Kingdom of Rumania, [t^s name Jassy (Runian, la^i, pronounced I'u.s/i) seems

to be derived from the Slavonic .\sk\torg, found for the first time in a Russian geography of the four- teenth century (Xenopol, ''Histoire des Roumains de la Dacie trajane". I, 236, note). Often occupied by the Russians, Poles, and Austrians, it is principally celebrated for the religious conferences held there in 1642 between the Greek and the Russian Church, and for the treaty of 1792 concluded between the Porte and Russia.

The Latin Diocese of Jassy dates from 27 June, 1884. Thanks to the labours of the Franciscan and Dominican friars. Urban V was able to establish in 1370 at Sereth the seat of the diocese, transferred to Bacau at the beginning of the fifteenth century. Abandoned in 1497 on account of the Moslem persecu- tions, the See of Bacau was re-established in 1611, and had a succession of twenty prelates until 17S9, when it was suppressed. The Catholics of Moldavia were then placed under the spiritual direction of Apostolic prefects, generallj' chosen from the Con- ventuals in charge of the mission. In 1S84 Leo XIII raised to a diocese the Apostolic \'icariate of Moldavia, with Jassy as residence. This see has about 90,000 Catholics, of which a few hundred are L^niats (Ru- manians, Ruthenians. and even Armenians). There are 50 priests, 1 1 of which number are secular, and 39 regular (Conventuals and Jesuits); 28 parishes with as many churches, and 94 chapels without resident priests; 11 chapels for male or female religious; a theological seminarj' at Jassy and two preparatory seminaries at Jassy and at Halaucesti; several day- schools for boys and girls; two boarding-schools for girls directed at Jassy and Galatz b_v Sisters of Notre Dame of Sion. 143 in number. The Orthodox metro- politan see, whose bishop sometimes recognized the jurisdiction of the Bulgarian patriarchs of Achrida and sometimes that of the Greek patriarchs of Con- stantinople, was established about 1392. Since the proclamation of Rumanian ecclesiastical autonomy the Orthodox Bishop of Jassy depends on the metro- politan primate at Bucharest.

JoRGA, Hist, de I'Eglise roumainc. II (Bucharest, 1909), 324, 335-7. in Romanic; Xenopol. Hist, des Roumains de la Dane (ra/ane (Paris, 1896); Eehos d'OrienI (Paris), VI. 46-50; VII, 321-S; VIII, 5-12, 72-7, 129-37; Missiones Catholicw (Rome, 1907), 121-3.

S. Vailhio.

Jauregtii, Ju.vn de, a Spanish painter and poet, b. at Seville c. 1570, or, according to some, as late as 1583; d. at Madrid c. 1640-1. His family, a north- ern one, was apparently of noble rank, and he was early enrolled as a knight in the Order of Calatrava. He made a sojourn in Rome, and there, judging by what he says in his " Discourse on Painting ", he studied the old masters and formed his own pictorial methods. At all events, report has it that he became distinguished as a portrait painter. A current inter- pretation of a passage in the prologue to the " Xove- las ejemplares" of Cervantes makes him out to have painted a likeness of the famous novehst. As a poet, Jauregui began as a disciple of the SeviUian bard, Herrera. In point of fact, he atlheres in many of his compositions too closely to the manner of his model, and hence a lack of originality in them. Notable among his poetic endeavours is his version in blank verse of Tasso's "Aminta". It is deemed one of the best foreign renderings of that eminent pastoral play. First pubhshed in Italy in 1607, it was included in the collected " Rimas" of Jauregui put forth at Seville in 1618. In the same volume appeared various poetical pieces, among them a specimen of a translation of Lucan, and certain religious IjtIcs. In the earlier stages of his career, Jauregui was a stern opponent of Gongorism and its stylistic excesses, as he clearly shows in his " Discurso pot'tico contra el hablar culto y estilo obscuro", but he later succumbed to the influ- ence of this noxious manner, amply illustrating its