Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 8.djvu/380

 JAPAN

322

JAPAN

Cotton Industry. — This also has made notable prog- ress. From 1S94 to 190 the number of spinning mills rose from 45 to S3, with an increase in capital of 27,304,500 yen (the capital rose from 13,001,000 yen to 40,000,000 yen). The average number of spindles

steel imports which have risen from 7,695,000 yen (1895) to 32,269,000 yen (1906) is a proof of develop- ment.

Handiwork. — In 1906 the daily salary of hand- workers was, for men, maximum, 96 sen; minimum,

rose from 476,123 to 1,441,934 yen. At the .same time the output of spun cotton rose from 14,000,000 to 53,- 000,000 yen ; and that of woven cotton from 49,000,000 to 84,000,000 yen. In 1907 all the materials manu- factured in Japan, silk, cotton, hemp, and woollens, represented a value of 222,549,995 yen.

VaBIOUS iNDUSTKIAIi PRODUCTS FOR 1906

40 sen; average, 68 sen; for women, the average is 25 sen.

Matches (250 factories)

Japanese paper

European paper

Porcelain and croclcery

Lacquered objects

Straw plaiting

Various mattings

Camphor and oil of camphor

Kan ten (vegetable glue)

Prepared slcins (cows and horses).

Indigo

Wax

Oil cake

Canned goods (meat and fifth)

Bricks

Tiles

Soaps

Drugs

Glass

Fertilizers

Value in Yen

15.516,359 15,103,359 14,157,788

13,385,982 6.809,605 4,730,150

10.882,984 2.609.220 7,370,949

11,613,683

3,127,003 4,317,925 6,556,261 2,764,081 3.018,142 3,040,177 24,686,628

24,189

61,262 (households)

5,552 workers

(men and women) 28,257 16,693 275,376 (212,778

women) 195,898 (121,532

women)

17,263 4,421 17,002

4,640 7,861

26,859 1,173 1,264 5,078

37,413

COMP.4RATIVE TABLE OF MEASURES, WEIGHTS, AND MoNEY

Japane.se

Metric

English

Lineal measure

Iri

1 marine ri Icho I ken I jo

1 shaku (10 stin. 100 hu)

3.927272 kilom. 1.851818 •■ 1.090909 hect. 1.818181 metre 3.030303 metres

3.303030 decim.

2.440338 miles 1.150684 " 5.422978 chains 1.983423 yards 3.314039 '■

11.930542 inches

Surface measure

1 cho (10 Inn) 1 tsuho

15.423471 sq.

kilom. 99.1735.53 ares 3.305785sq.met.

5.955250 sq. m. 2.45072 acres 3.953829 sq. yds.

Measures of capacity

1 kohii (111 To, 100 sho)

l..S03906hectol.

39.703313 gal. 4.962914bushels

Weights

I kwan or kwamme (1000 momme) 1 kin

3.750 kilog. 6.0104 hectogr.

8.2673291b.(Av.) 10.047102" (Tr.) I.,i22472" (Av.) 1.607536" (Tr.)

Money

1 yen (100 sen)

2.5S3 fr.

2s. Oid. ($.498)

The manufacture of sake (ric(! wine) equalled 4,- 405,860 koku; beer, 201,144 koku; shoyu (fish sauce), 2,074,008 koku.

Metallurgy. — In this branch, despite all the efforts of the Government, the results liave not fulfilled expectations. However the increase in iron and

On the history of Japan and the situation of the country: — Griffis, The Mikado's Empire (New York, 1890); Imperial Japanese Commission, History of the Empireof Japan (Chicago, 1893): Japan 5'ear BooA; (Tokio, 1907): Bousqdet, Le Japon de nos jours (Paris, 1877): De la Mazeliisre, Essni sur I'hia- toire du Japan (Paris, 1899): Papinot, Did. d'Histoire el de Geographic du Japan (Yokohama, 1906); Aston, Litlerature Japonaise (Paris, 1902); Gonse. L'Art Japonais (Paris, 1885); Teisan, Notes sur I'Art Japonais (Paris, 1906); Japanese Code (Tokio, 1908) ; Th^ry, La situation ecorwmique et financiire du Japan (Paris, 1907): Shimoda, Nihon Katei hyakkwa (Japanese Encyclopedia) (Tokio, 1906); Hanabdsa, Nihon Teikoku nen- kan (General Statistics of the Empire of Japan) (Tokio, 31 Dec, 1908)- Ministry of Finances, Financial arul economic year- book of Japan (Tokio, 1908).

On Catholicism, Protestantism, and the Russian Schism. — The Christian Movement in Japan (Tokio, 1908); Delplace, Le CathoUcisme au Japan IS40-9S (Mechlin, 1908); Charle- voix, Histoirc du Japan (Paris, 1704); Pages, Ilistoire de la Rdigion chT/tienne au Japan IBOS-WBl (Paris, 1869); Marnas,