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died in and for the Catholic Faith. While he was hanging, he first raised his hands to heaven, then beat his breast with his right hand, and finally made a great sign of the cross. In spite of his sentence, he was neither disembowelled nor quartered, but was buried under the gallows.

Camm, LUesn/thc English Martyrs. II (London. 1904-5). 5S9; Ch-alloner, Memoirs oj Missionary Priests (London and Leam- ington, s. d.). I. 134.

John B. -Wainewright. James Thome, Blessed. See Richabd Whiting,

Blessed.

Jamestown. See F.\kgo, Diocese of.

James Walworth, Blessed. See John Roches- TEK, Blessed.

Janauschek, Leopold, Cistercian, b. at Briinn, Moravia, 13 October, 1827; d. 23 July, 1898, at Baden, near Vienna. In 1846 he received the religious habit at the Cistercian Abbey of Zwettl, Lower Austria, where he was professed in 1848. His superiors then sent him to their house of studies of Heiligenkreuz near Vienna, where he studied philosophy and theol- ogy, and after his ordination to the priesthood was made professor of history and canon law. His learned works on these sciences soon attracted at- tention and won for him in 1858 the chair of eccle- siastical history in the Lfniversity of Vienna. But in 1859 he was recalled by his superiors to Heiligenkreuz, where he continued as professor until 1877. During this time he composed his first great work, " Originum Cisterciensium Liber Primus" (Vienna, 1877), in which he describes the foundation of the Order of Citeaux, its organization and extension, and mentions many of those who, under various titles, had honoured it. He gives a lengthy account of 742 ancient abbeys of monks, founded between the end of the eleventh and the end of the seventeenth centuries. Each of the genealogical and chronological tables, as well as the entire work itself, supposes colossal labour of research and compilation. He was unable to publish the sec- ond volume, which was to have been devoted to the monasteries of Cistercian nuns, and for which he had collected a great deal of material; but it will be util- ized by the continuator of his work. He also pub- lished, at this period, a work of less importance on the history of the Cistercian Order.

His second great work is entitled " Bibliographia Bernardina". In 1891, on the occasion of the eighth centenary of the birth of St. Bernard, the Cistercian Congregation of Austria prepared four volumes for the glory of this illustrious doctor, under the title of " Xenia Bernardina ". Janauschek gave his assistance in the preparation of the first three volumes, but the fourth, " Bibliographia Bernardina" (Vienna, 1891), was entirely his own work. He there treats succes- sively of the different editions of the works of St. Bernard and their translations, the essays on the life of the saint, various panegyrics, his biographers, the inscriptions in his honour, the opinions of ecclesiasti- cal historians, etc. These great works of Janauschek exhibit profound research, unconquerable persever- ance, and great skill in classification. For these works the author was obliged to search many libraries and consult numerous archives; the books noticed in the "Xenia Bernardina" amount to 2761 printed, and 119 manuscript volumes. The author was also obliged to communicate with many learned men. Despite weak health, which for many years permitted him to leave his room oidy at rare intervals, he persevered at his great task until interrupted by death.

Grillnberuek. Catalviii Atjbutinrum O. Cist. (Vienna, 1904); MiJLLER, Ciateririmscr Chronik (September, 1898); Nordhofp in Theologiifrhe Literaturzeitung (1877); Rothman in Ilistorisch- Poliliacke Blatter, 109 (1892).

Edmond M. Obrecht.

Jandel, Alexandre Vincent, general of the Do- minican Order, b. at Gerbevilliers (Lorraine), IS

July, 1810; d. at Rome, 11 December, 1872. He was remarkable from his earliest years for intelli- gence and resolution, qualities derived chiefly from his mother, a person of rare endowments, who did not fear to succour priests during the Revolution. After a brilliant collegiate course at Nancy, he en- tered the diocesan seminary in that city, where his success was equally great. Jandel was ordained priest 20 September, 1834, then appointed professor of Scripture, and soon afterwards rector of the semi- nary at Pont-a-Mousson. The young superior was regarded as a model of sanctity and learning. At this time he became acquainted with Bautain, Ger- bet, Ratisbonne, and many other distinguished men, among them Lacordaire. Such was the impression made on him by Lacordaire, that he began to think of entering the Dominican Order, which the great preacher proposed to restore in France, where it had been destroyed by the Revolution. In 1839 he therefore went to Rome, consulted Gregory XVI on the matter, and finally received the habit on 15 May, 1841. Two years afterwards Jandel and La- cordaire commenced the great work of re-establishing their order in France. Lacordaire was an orator; Jandel was a ruler of men, calm, grave, sagacious, tenacious of traditions and customs, and pre-emi- nently practical. Though he had not the genius of his associate, he preached with great results. A ser- mon at Lyons on the power of the Cross led to his being challenged by a Freemason to prove the truth of his words in the lodge; he entered it, produced his crucifix, and made the sign of the cross; instantly the lights were extinguished, the furniture was thrown about, and all but he fled in terror from the scene of confusion.

Many holy persons in France placed themselves under his guidance. Pius IX, however, called him to Rome, and made him in 1850 vicar-general of the order ad beneplacitum, and in 1855 general for six years. He was soon recognized as the greatest re- ligious superior and one of the most enlightened spiritual directors in the city. Of those whom he in- structed at this time, two may be mentioned: Car- dinal Manning and Father Burke. A born adminis- trator, he infused new life into the order. Several provinces were re-established, and houses opened everywhere. The Dominican nuns (second order) and tertiaries were also greatly indebted to his zeal. He also did much to promote devotion to the rosary and to propagate the doctrine of St. Thomas. Such were the services he rendered to the Holy See espe- cially as regarded the Zouaves, that Pius IX, who was warmly attached to him, intended to make him a cardinal; but Providence disposed otherwise, for he was elected general of the order, 7 June, 1862. He visited Ireland twice, and only weak health pre- vented him from visiting America. New editions of liturgical books and of the "constitutions" or legisla- tion formed part of his characteristic work. He also paid great attention to foreign missions. Dur- ing his term of office sixteen Dominicans were beati- fied or canonized. He presided at two chapters of the order (Ghent, 1871), and he is justly considered as one of the greatest generals that the order has had during the seven centuries of its existence.

The standard authority is Cormier, Vic du Ren'rendissime Pere Jandel, soixantc-troisitme Maitre General des Fteres Pri- chcurs (Paris, 1890). REGINALD WaLSH.

Jane Frances de Chantal, Saint, born at Dijon, France, 28 Jan., 1572; died at the Visitation Convent, Moulins, 13Dec.,1641. Her father was president of the Parliament of Burgumly. and leailer of the royalist party during the League th;it brouglil nliout the tri- umph (if the cause of Hcnrv IV. In l.V.IL' she ninnied Baron (leCliantal, and lived' in t he feu(l.-de;istlc (if Hour- billy. She restored order in the household, which was on