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 ITALY

242

ITALY

cept on questions of morality; and the establishment schools had in all 3759 students, a decrease of 445 of premiums in proportion to the number of children during the preceding five years. There are five con- who obtain the diploma of the course. servatories of music belonging to the Government,

ELEMENTARY INSTRUCTION

Infant Asylums

Elementary, various

Night

Festive and Autiunnal. . Complementary for Girls

Normal for Bovs

Normal for Girls

53,259 4,159 2,394

78

105,598

72,713

4,701

1.921

19,818

201 0-12 005

TEACHERS

5,587

57,331 3,166 2,517

MEAN PER 1000 INHAB.

TEACHERS

According to the law of 13 November, 1859, sec- ondary instruction is of two kinds, classical and tech- nical. The classical course of the first grade is given in the gymnasia (colleges) and extends over a course of five years; that of the second grade is given in the ly- ceums, the course being three years. The technical instruction is also of two grades, the first, given in the technical schools, lasts three years, and the second, in the technical or in the nautical institutes, the course lasting four years. Ordinarily the burden of secondary instruction is divided among the State, the province, and the communes.

and forty-eight private institutions, with five thou- sand five hundred students and four hundred and forty-four teachers. Superior instruction includes four faculties: law, medicine and surgery, mathe- matics, physics and natural science, philosophy and rhetoric. There belong to it also the schools of pharmacy and the independent veterinary schools of Milan, Naples, and Turin, the schools of applied en- gineering of Rome and of Bologna, the superior schools of commerceof Bari, Genoa, Venice, Milan, and Rome, those of agriculture of Milan, Portici, Perugia, and Florence, those for teachers at Rome and at Florence,

SECONDARY INSTRUCTION

Type of School

Gymnasia

Lyceums

Technical Schools. . Technical Institute; Nautical Institutes

NUMBER SCHOOLS

284 159 298

34,219 13,812 55,597 13,830 2.291

MEAN

PER

100,000

INHAB.

TEACHERS

5,400 2,175 3,202 1,388 208

442 187 106

24,850 4,962 3,623

378

PER

100,000

INHAB.

Of other special courses of secondary instruction and the naval school at Genoa. Superior instruction

that are not wholly allied with those to which reference is given in seventeen state universities, which, in the

has already been made are given by the State under Middle Ages, had been centres of knowledge and cul-

the ministry of Public Instruction and under that of ture forall Europe: the UniversitiesofBologna(1200?),

Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, and also by Padua (1222 ?), Naples (1224), Rome (1303), Ca-

the autonomous divisions of the kingdom. gliari, Catania, Genoa, Macerata, Messina, Modena,

SPECIAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Public

Private

Ttpe of School

NUMBER ESTABLISH-

STUDENTS

PER

100,000

INHAB.

TEACHERS

NUMBER

MENTS

STUDENTS

MEAN

100,000

INHAB.

TEACHERS

Schools of Practical Agriculture

Special Schools of Agriculture

Schools of Mines (Agordo, Iglesias,

27

3 72 185 27 26 1

1,251 639

16,9'i:'i 20,442 3,415 7,13:) 241

3-6

IS

0-2 49-.S 62-2

10

21

0.7

124

73

20 726 679 288 486

14

82

201 37 107

? ?

? ?

?

7 7 7

7

7

C.nn 1 ~. Is

l',,,l. - M.M ,1 -.1,..., Is for Women

7 7

There are thirteen government institutes for the Palermo,Parma,Pavia, Pisa, Sassari, Siena, and Turin,

study and assistance of the fine arts, and as many Tlirre are four free universities, those of Perugia,

other cstablishmonts of the same kind lliat arc not Cariu'iiiio, Urhino, and Ferrara. Higher education is

government.'d, with two hundred and t wcnty-sc\eii al-<(i riiniished by three law scliools connected with the

teachers. In the school year of 190.3-1900 these lyccums of .\quila, Bari, and Catanzaro, by the three