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 ITALO-GREEKS

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ITALO-GREEKS

school for boys and girls; 15 chapels; 1 college; 1 sem- inary: 1 Catholic hospital, with 27 Sisters of the Sa- cred Heart ; 1 home for immigrants, with 2 Sisters of the Sacred Heart ; 1 orphan asylum, with 13 Sisters of the Sacred Heart and 202 inmates; 1 day nursery, with S Pallotiue Sisters, 56 boys and 52 girls.

Archdiocese of Oregon City: 1 Italian church; 2 priests.

Archdiocese of Philadelphia: 13 Italian churches; 21 priests; 3 parochial schools (25 Sisters of Saint Francis), attended by 1615 pupils; 1 orphan asylum, with 10 Sisters of Saint Francis; 1 industrial school, kindergarten, and day nursery, with 22 missionary Sisters of the Third Order of Saint Francis, 164 boys, and 162 girls.

Archdiocese of St. Louis: 3 ItaUan churches; 5 priests; 1 parochial school (2 lay teachers), attended by 117 pupils.

Archdiocese of St. Paul : 2 Italian churches ; 2 priests.

Archdiocese of San Francisco: 3 Italian churches;

5 priests.

Diocese of Albany: 4 Italian churches; 4 priests; 1 seminary with 8 professors and 90 students.

Diocese of .\ltoona: 2 Italian churches; 2 priests;

1 paroeliial school with 56 pupils.

Diocese of BrookljTi: 11 Italian churches; 16 priests; 2 parochial schools, with 3 Sisters of St. Fran- cis, 11 Sisters of the Sacred Heart, 3 lay teachers, 815 pupils; 1 kindergarten, with 3 teachers, 52 boys, 85 girls.

Diocese of Buffalo: S Italian churches; 12 priests; 4 parochial schools, with 2 Sisters of St. Jo.seph, 10 Sisters of St. Mary, 8 Sisters of St. Francis, 983 pupils.

Diocese of Burlington: 2 Italian churches; 2 priests.

Diocese of Cleveland: 7 Italian churches; 7 priests.

Diocese of Columbus: 2 Italian churches; 2 priests.

Diocese of Davenport: 1 Italian church; 1 priest.

Diocese of Denver: 3 Italian churches; 5 priests;

2 parochial schools, with 8 Sisters of the Sacred Heart, 10 Sisters of Charity, and 620 pupils.

Diocese of Detroit: 1 Italian church; 1 priest; 1 parochial school with 78 pupils.

Diocese of Duluth: 2 Italian churches; 2 priests.

Diocese of Erie: 6 Italian churches; 7 priests; 1 parochial school, with 2 Sisters of Mercy and 170 pupils.

Diocese of Fall River: 1 Italian c"hurch; 1 priest.

Diocese of Harrisburg: 3 Italian churches; 3 priests.

Diocese of Hartford: 6 Italian churches; 9 priests;

3 parochial schools, with 2 Sisters of the Precious Blood, 10 Missionar}' Sisters of the Sacred Heart, 5 Sisters of Our Lady of Compassion, and 385 pupils.

Diocese of Helena: 1 Italian church; 1 priest; 1 parochial school, with 5 Sisters of Charity, 1 lay teacher, and 270 pupils.

Diocese of Indianapolis: 1 Italian church; 1 priest.

Diocese of Little Rock: 1 Italian church; 1 priest.

Diocese of Marquette: 4 Italian churches; 4 priests.

Diocese of Mobile: 1 Italian church; 1 priest.

Diocese of Monterey and Los Angeles: 2 Italian churches; 2 priests.

Diocese of Nashville: 1 Italian church; 2 priests; 1 parochial school, with 4 Sisters of Charity of Naza- reth and 140 pupils.

Diocese of Natchez: 1 Italian church; 1 priest.

Diocese of Newark: 19 Italian churches; 20 priests;

6 parochial schools, with 4 liaplistiue Sisters, 4 Mis- sionary Sislers of the Sacred Heart, 2 Si.sters of Charity, .") Sisters of St. Francis, 4 Sisters of the Im- maculalc Conception, 1 lay teaciicr, and 1289 pupils;

1 orphan asylum with 12 sisters and 92 orphans. Diocese of Peoria: 1 Itahan church; 1 priest. Dioce.se of Pittsburg: 13 Italian churches; 20 priests;

2 parochial schools, with 4 Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis, 1 lay teacher, and 307 pupils.

Diocese of Providence: 2 Italian churches; 5 priests. Diocese of Rochester: 3 Italian churches; 3 priests,

1 parochial school, with 5 Sisters of St. Joseph and 271 pupils.

Diocese of Sacramento: 1 Italian church; 1 priest.

Diocese of St. Augustine: 1 Italian church; 1 priest.

Diocese of Scran ton: 12 Italian churches; 15 priests; 1 parochial school, G Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart, and 200 pupils.

Diocese of Seattle: 1 Italian church; 1 priest; 1 parochial school, with 10 Missionary Sisters of the Sa- cred Heart and 110 pupils.

Diocese of Springfield : 4 Italian churches; 4 priests.

Diocese of Superior: 3 Italian churches; 3 priests;

1 parochial school, with 4 Franciscan Sisters and 200 pupils.

Diocese of SjTacuse: 1 Italian church; 2 priests.

Diocese of Trenton: 12 Italian churches: 14 priests.

Diocese of Wheeling: 5 Italian churches; 6 priests.

Summary: 219 Italian churclies: :]lo priests; 41 par- ochial .schools; 2.54 teachers, including 70 Sisters of the Sacred Heart, 27 Si-sters of Charity, 12 Franciscan Sis- ters, 4 Sisters of the Immaculate Conception, 24 Sis- ters of the Third Order of St. Francis, 4 Baptistine Sisters, 3 Sisters of St. Dominic, 7 Sisters of St. Joseph, 38 Sisters of St. Francis, 2 Sisters of the Precious Blood, 4 Sisters of Charity of Nazareth, 5 Sisters of Our Lady of Compassion, 4 Sisters of Jesus and Mary,

2 Sisters of Mercy, 2 Sisters of St. JIary, 39 lay teach- ers, and 12,697 pupils; 15 chapels; 1 industrial school; 1 kindergarten; 1 day nursery with 8 Pallotine Sisters, 230 boys and 224 girls; 2 seminaries; 1 Catholic hos- pital; 1 home for Italian immigrants; 3 orphan asy- lums with 317 orphans.

For statistics of the immigration movement, see the Reports of the Coinmiss-Uincr General of Immigration (Department of Commerce and Laljor, Washington, D. C.) and the BoUettino delV Emigrazione (pubhshed at Rome by the Commissioner of Emigration, Ministry of Foreign .affairs). For a general sur- vey of ItaUan Immigration; Pecorini, GU Americani nella Vita Moderna (Milan, 1909), xxiv. For social, moral, and economic condition of the Italians in the United States and for criminal statistics. Lord, Trenor, and B.^rrows, The Italian in America (New York, 1905). For conditions among Italians occupied in agriculture in the United States, Pecorini, The Italian as an Agricultural Laborer, in Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science: Labor and Wages (Philadelphia, 1909). For an exhaustive study of Italian immigration from the Italian point of view, Preziosi, GVItO' liani negli Stati Vnili del Nord (Milan, 1909).

John De Ville.

Italo-Greeks, the name applied to the Greeks in Italy who observe the Byzantine Rite. They em- brace three clas.scs: (1) the ecclesiastical communities which have followed the Greek Rite since the Byzan- tine period; (2) the Greek colonies in the various maritime cities and at Rome; (3) the descendants of the Greeks and Albanians who emigrated en masse into Southern Italy after the Turkish occupation of the Balkans, and established towns, or at least formed powerful groups by themselves; they long maintained their native language and customs, and even now observe the Greek Rite, though in other respects they have been absorbed in the Italian popu- lation.

(1) As to the first class, it is difficult to say whether the Greek Rite was followed in any diocese of South- ern Italy or .Sicily before the eighth century. But the gradual hellenization of those regions, as well as the founding of numerous Greek monasteries, must have afTected liturgical life. The spread of Greek monasticisni in Italy received a strong impulse from the Saracenic invasion of Palestine and Egypt, and later from the Iconoclastic persecutions. The monks naturally retained their rite, and as the bishojis were not infrequently chosen from their ninnbcr, the diocesan liturgy, imdcr favoiu'able conditions, could easily be changed, especially since the Lom- bard occupation of the inl-ind regions of Southern Italy cut off the (ireeks in the South from communi- cation with the Latin Church, whose intellectual cul- ture, moreover, was far inferior to that of Byzantium.