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 IPOLYI

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IPPOLITO

plying with tlie "Mulct Law", the principal con- ditions imposed by which are: the written consent of the owners of property situated within fifty feet of the proposed place of sale; the pajinent of a tax of S600 annually to the state; the giving of a bond of S3000. The liquors must be sold in one room, having but one exit, with no tables or chairs therein and no curtains on the windows to obstruct the view ; there must be no sales to minors or drunkards, nor after ten o'clock at night; the place must be closed on Sundays and legal holidays, and in no case shall the business be conducted within 300 feet of a church building or schoolhouse. In the statue penitentiaries, each war- den is required to appoint "some suitable minister of the Gospel as chaplain ", and all regular officiat- ing ministers of the Gospel are authorized to visit the penitentiaries at pleasure. This privilege is, in fact, true of all public institutions of the state.

Marriage is regarded as a civil contract, and, outside of the usual degrees of consanguinity, is vaUd between a male of sixteen years and a female of fourteen years. It can be solemnized by any minister of the Gospel or civil magistrate. Previous to the solemnization, a licence must be obtained from the clerk of the dis- trict court of the county in which the marriage is to be performed. If the parties are minors the written consent of their parents or guardians is required. Divorces can be granted by the district court for any of the following causes: desertion, adultery, felony, habitual drunkenness, cruel and inhuman treatment. In no case can either of the parties divorced marry again within a year, unless specially permitted to do so by the decree. Any person of fidl age and of sound mind can make a valid testamentary dispo- sition of all liis property subject to the homestead and dower right of his wife and the pajTnent of his debts. But no devise or bequest to any corporation organized for religious, charitable, or educational purposes, or for any purpose of a similar character, is valid in e.xcess of one-fourth of the testator's estate after payment of debts, in case a wife, child, or parent sur- vive the testator. The will must be in writing, signed by the testator in presence of two witnesses, who must attest the same in writing, except that verbal wills of personal property to the value of three hun- dred dollars are valid. Associations for cemetery purposes may be incorporated under statutes pro- vided for that purpose, and the land so occupied is exempt from tax, but throughout the state Catholic cemeteries, like all other church property, is held in the name of the bishop of the diocese.

For reasons, none of which had anything to do w'ith religion, Catholics have generally allied themselves with the Democratic party which has for many years been the minority party in the state, and therefore few of them have attained political eminence. The following Catholic lajanen have been prominent in the history of the state: George W. Jones, first delegate to Congress from Michigan Territory, introduced in Congress bills creating the Territory of Wisconsin and the Territory of Iowa, afterwards U. S. Senator from Iowa for twelve years, and Minister to Bogotd; Patrick Quigley, pioneer benefactor of the Church; Charles Corkery, postmaster of Dubuque imder Presi- dent Buchanan, and prominent in colonization work; D. A. Mahony, founder and first editor of the Tele- graph-Herald, and imprisoned in Fort Lafayette by order of Secretary Stanton; John S. Murphy, a bril- liant editor of the same paper; William J. Knight, one of the leaders of the Bar of the state and coinisel for two railways; M. J. Wade, Representative in Congress; M. D. O'Connell. Solicitor of the Treasury, Washington; Jerry B. Sidlivan, Democratic candi- date for Governor.

GoE, HiBloru of Iowa (New York, 1903): Salter, Iowa (Chicago. 1905); De Caillt. Life of Bishop Loras (New York, 1897); Census of Iowa. 1905 (Des Moines): Stalialicat Abstrarl

VIII.— 7

of U. S.. 1908 (Washington): Census of Manufactures, 1906, Iowa Bulletin No. SS (Washington. 1906); Climalological Ser- vice. Iowa Section. Report for December. 1908 (Washington): Crop Reporter, Department of Agriculture, December. 1908 (Washington); Biennial Report, Department of Public Instruc- tion (Des Moines. 1909).

John I. Mcll.*j>'y.

Ipolyi, Arxold (family name originally Stummer), Bishop of Cirosswardein'(Xagy-Vdrad), b. at Ipoly- Keszi, 20 Oct., 1823; d. at Grosswardein, 2 December, 1SS6. At the age of thirteen years he entered the ranks of the alunuii of the Archdiocese of Gran (Esz- tergom), studied two years in the Emericianum at Presburg (Pozsony), and later at Tyrnau (Nagy- Szombat), and finished at the Pazmaneum at Vienna, where he attended lectures on theology for four years. In LS-t-1 he entered the seminary of Gran, took minor orders in 1845, and was ordained priest in 1847. From 184.5 to 1847 he acted as tutor in the family of Baron Mednyanszky, was then curate at Komorn- Sankt-Peter (Komiirom-Szent-P^ter), in 1848 preacher at Presburg, in 1849 spent a short time as tutor in the family of Count Palffy, and became in this year parish priest of Zohor. Even before his ordina- tion he concerned himself with historical and art- historical matters. In 18.54 his "L'ngarische Mytho- logie " came out, as the firstfruit of his work, in which he treats of the ancient religion of Hungarj'. Al- though the work won the prize offered by the Hun- garian Academy of Sciences, the author afterwards withdrew it from the press, so that at the present time it is very rare. In 1860 Ipolyi became par- ish priest at Torok-Szent-Miklos. Accompanied by Franz Kubinja and Emerich Henszlmann, he made in 1862 a journey to Constantinople, where he dis- covered the remainder of the hbrary of Mattliias Corvinus. In 1863 he was made canon of Eger, and in 1869 director of the Central Ecclesiastical Seminary at Pesth; in 1871 he became Bishop of Neusohl (Besztercze-Banya), and in 1SS6 Bishop of Gross- wardein, where he died on 2 December of the same year. Ipolyi was member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, as well as a member of different learned societies at home and abroad. He was one of the founders and at first vice-president, then president, of the Hungarian Historical Society. His literary activity extended into the provinces of history, art- historj', arehaeologj', and Christian art. He enriched the Hungarian National Gallery with sLxty valuable paintings. He bequeathed to Grosswardein in his will, for the purpose of founding a museum, his collec- tions which had been brought together with a great expert knowledge of art. Of his literary works, in addition to his " Mj-thologie", the following are well known: "Biography of Michael Veresmarti", an author of the seventeenth century (Budapest, 1875); the "Codex epistolaris Nicolai Olah" in the "Monu- menta Hungariae Historica: Scriptorum", XXV (Budapest, 1876); the "Biographic der Christina Nyary von Bedez " (Budapest, 1887), in Hungarian; also the "Historische und kunsthistorische Besclirei- bu.ig der ungarischen Kroninsignien " (Budapest, 1886), in Hungarian. A collection of liis lesser works has appeared in five volumes (Budapest, 1887).

SzlNNYET. Leben und Werke ungarischer Schriftsteller. V, 145- l.'jS; PoR, Leben und TVcrke A. Ipolyis, Bischofs von Grosswar- dein (Presburg, 1SS6); also the memorial oration on Ipolyi by Fraknoi in Jahrbuch der Ung. Akademie der Wissenschaften, XVII, 1S8S (all in Hmigarian).

A. Ald.^sy.

Ippolito Galantini (Gal.vnti), Blessed, founder of the Congregation of Cliristian Doctrine of Florence; b. at Florence of obscure parentage, 12 October, 1.565; d. 20 March, 1619. While still a child a wonderful cure turned his thoughts towards the service of God, and he devoted himself to teaching the truths of the Christian religion in the Jesuit church of Florence. He was only twelve years old when he attracted the