Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 7.djvu/869

 INDULT

789

INE

Andrew, James, John, Thomas, Philip and James, Bartholomew, Matthew, Simon and Jude, Matthias, the feast of St.'Joseph and All Saints' Day; and shall pray devoutly for the uprooting of heresies and schisms, for the propagation of the Catholic Faith, for peace and concord among Christian princes, and for the other needs of the Church.

(2) An indulgence of seven years and seven quaran- tines to be gained on the same conditions on any other feast of Christ or of the Blessed Virgin.

(3) An indulgence of five years and five quarantines to be gained on the same conditions on any Sunday or feast of the year.

(4) An indulgence of one hundred days, to be gained on the same conditions on any other day in the year.

(5) All who are accustomed to recite at least once a week the chaplet, or the rosary, or the Office of the Ble.ssed Virgin, or of the Dead, or Vespers, or at least one Nocturn with Lauds, or the Seven Penitential Psalms with their litanies and prayers, shall gain an indulgence of one hundred days every time they do so.

(6) Whosoever in articulo mortis devoutly commends his soul to God, and being ready to accept death peace- fully and wilHngly from the hands of God, and truly penitent, and having confessed and been refreshed with Holy Communion, or if this be not possible, at least contrite, shall invoke the Name of Jesus with the lips if possible, or, if not, at least with the heart, shall receive the fruit of a plenary indulgence.

(7) Whosoever shall make a devout preparation before saying Mass, or receiving the Holy Eucharist or reciting the Divine Office or the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin, shall receive an indulgence of fifty days every time he does this.

(8) All who visit those in prison or the sick in the hospitals, helping them by some good work, or teach Christian doctrine in a church, or at home to their children, kindred, or servants, shall gain an indulgence of two himdred days.

(9) Whosoever at the sound of a church bell shall say the Angelus morning, noon, or evening, or, not knowing it, shall say once an Our Father and Hail Mary, or at the evening signal for praying for the dead shall recite the psalm De Profundis, or if he know it not an Our Father and Hail Mary shall gain an indulgence of one hundred days.

(10) All who on Friday shall devoutly meditate on the Passion and Death of Christ and say three Our Fathers and Hail Marys shall gain one hundred days indulgence.

(11) Whosoever, being truly penitent, and firmly purposing to amend his life, shall examine his con- science, and devoutly repeat the Our Father and Hail Mary thrice in honour of the Blessed Trinity, or five times in reverence for the Five Wounds of Christ, shall likewise gain one hundred days' indulgence.

(12) Whosoever prays with devotion for those in their agony, or says for them at least an Our Father and Hail Mary, shall gain an indulgence of fifty days.

In order to gain any of these indulgences the person must have the blessed medal, etc. with him at the time, or else have it kept in his room in some seemly place and say the prescriljed prayers there. It is expressly declared in the instruction annexed to the faculty that this blessing and indulgence is not given to painted or printed images or to crosses etc. made of iron, pewter, lead, or any fragile material. The images, moreover, must represent canonized saints or those whose names are in the Roman Martyrology. The indulgence is confined to the person to whom the object is first given and it is lost if the object be given or lent for the purpose of transferring the indul- gence; it is not lost, however, when lent for another purpose, e. g. for use in reciting the rosary. And when medals etc. have been enriched with these in- dulgences, it is strictly forbidden to sell them.

Cf. the Bull Laudemus viros gloriosos in BuUarium Romanum (1 Dec, 15S7): Amoht, De Indulgentiia (Augsburg. 1733): Fer- raris, Bibliotheca prompla (Rome. 1899), s. v. Indulgmtia, art. 6; JI.tuHEL. The Christian Inslrueled in the Nature and Lse of Indulgenres. tr. (1873), 202; Beringer, Les indulgences, Fr. tr. (Paris, 1905).

W. H. Kent.

Indult, Pontifical (Lat. InduUum, found in Roman Law, bk. I, Cod. Theodos. 3, 10, and 4, 15; V, 15, 2; concession, privilege). Indults are general faculties (q. v.), granted by the Holy See to bishops and others, of doing something not permitted by the common law. General needs, peculiar local con- ditions, the impossibility of applying to Rome in individual cases, etc., are sufficient reasons for making these concessions. 'They are granted for a definite term, three, five, ten years, or for a specific number of cases; they are ordinary or extraordinary, contained in certain formulre, and are of the nature of privileges or quasi-privileges. Indults are personal in so much as they must be used by the bishop himself (or his \'icar-general), unless he be allowed to communicate them to others. Permission to communicate indults is conceded in some formula", denied in others, while in others it is granted conditionally. The one to whom these faculties are communicated is the agent or commissary of the ordinary rather than his del- egate. Indults are communicated as they are re- ceived; are possessed and exercised not in the name of the one communicating them, but in the name of him to whom they have been communicated: conse- quently they do not cease with the death or loss of jurisdiction of the ordinary through whom they were communicated. Faculties that are subdelegated may be restricted in regard to persons, number of cases, etc., and are exercised not in one's own name, but in the name of another: the power of the subdelegate ceases on the death of the delegate.

It is to be noted moreover that the word indult, employed in a less restricted sense, is synonjinous with privilege, grace, favour, concession, etc. (De- cretals, L. v., tit. 33, c. 17, 19, tit. 40, c. 21; Cone. Trid., VI, c. 2, De Ref.). Hence we speak of the Lenten indult, an indult of secularization granted to a religious, an indult to absent oneself from the recita- tion of the Divine Office in choir, an indult permitting the celebration of Mass at sea, the indult of a private oratory, a privileged altar, and so on. An indult or privilege differs from a dispensation, since the former grants a permanent (not necessarily perpetual) con- cession, while the latter is given for a particular case, outside which the obligation of oljserving the law re- mains. (See Faculties, Canonical.)

Von Kober in Kirrhenlei., s. v. Indult: Taunton, Law of the Church (London, 1906).

Andrew B. Meehan.

Ine (Ini or In a), S.unt, King of the West Saxons, d. 72S. He was a son of the underking Cenred and ascended the West-Saxon throne in 688, a year before the death of his predecessor Csedwalla. For thirty- seven years he ruled over a turbulent and warlike people, and by virtue of a varied genius was equally successful as a warrior and legislator. His first efforts were directed towards establishing internal peace, and in the fifth year of his reign he drew up a set of laws which regulated the administration of justice and fixed the legal status of the various classes of his subjects. With the exception of the Kentish laws tms code is the earliest extant specimen of Anglo-Saxon legislation, and for that reason is of particular interest. When matters in his own realm had been adjusted, Ine turned his attention to With- red, King of Kent, and at the head of a formidable army demanded weregild for the death of Mul (or MoUo), brother of Caed walla. Withred paid the full compensation — thirty thousand pounds of silver —