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HUNTING

ferrecl to the position of master of novices at Trier, and ilied there three years later.

Hunolt's great collection of sermons is still widely used. No fewer than six folio editions of the original work appeared between 1740 and 1813. After the latter date versions in more modern German began to be published; one in twenty-five volumes appeared at Ratisbon, 1842-47; another modern version ap- peared about the same time at Graz, in twenty-four volumes. There have been several editions of both the Ratisbon version and the Graz, while abridg- ments and selected sermons have frequently been published, and are even now republished with much success. Universally esteemecl, the work was translated into Dutch, French, and Polish; an English version in twelve volumes was completed in 1898.

Hunolt's idea was to treat the entire field of morals in his sermons thoroughly antl completely. Each of the six volumes contains seventy-six sermons, and the various divisions in each volume are indicated by sub-titles, such as "The Christian Attitude towards Life"; "The Wicked Christian"; "The Penitent Christian"; "The Good Chri-stian"; "The Last End of Christians"; "The Christian's Model". This prodigious mass of material is distributed most appro- priately over the entire ecclesiastical year. How popular, and at the same time profound, Hunolt's expositions are, is best proved by the fact that numer- ous excerpts are included in all anthologies and text- books of religious rhetoric as standards. A compe- tent critic (Kraus) has eulogized Hunolt's sermons in the following words: " At a time when German pulpit oratory had degenerated into utter bad taste and brainless insipidity, these sermons are distinguished by noble simplicity, pure Christian sentiment, and genuinely apostolic ideas no less than by the felicitous use of Holy Writ, abundance of thought and pregnant language." And finally, we must call attention to the cultural value of Hunolt's work especially for the dis- tricts of Trier, inasmuch as we may gather therefrom a fairly correct picture of life in the Trier of his day.

ScHEiD, Franz Hurtolt, S. J, ein PrediutT aus der ersten Hulfte dea IS, Jahrhunderls (Ratisbon, 1906).

N. SCHEID.

Hunt, Thomas. See Sprott, Thomas.

Hunt, Thurstan, Venerable, an English martyr (March, 1601), who belonged to the family seated at Carlton Hall, near Leeds, and had made his course of studies at Reims, 1583, 1584. Robert Middleton, liis fellow-martyr, a nephew of Margaret Clitheroe (q. v.), had also studied at Reims and at Rome, 1594-1598. In November, 1600, Middleton was arrested by chance near Preston, and an attempt to rescue him was made by four Catholics, of whom Hunt was one, but the attempt failed, and after a long and exciting tussle. Hunt was captured. They were then both treated with great inhumanity, and heavily ironed night and day until, by the order of the Privy Council, with their feet tied beneath their horses' bellies, they were carried in public disgrace up to London and back again to Lancaster, where they were condemned and executed for their priesthood. But the attempt to degrade them in public opinion failed. No one would let out his horse to drag them to the place of execu- tion; they reconciled to the Church the felons con- demned to die with them; their relics were eagerly carried off after their death; and a contemporary sang admiringly of

Hunt's hawtie corage staut,

With godlie zeale soe true, Myld Middleton, O what tongue

Can halfe thy vertue showe!

Pollen, Unpublished Documents relating to the English Mar- tyrs (Catholic Record Society, 1908), V, 384-9: the remarkable (nien teller to Queen Elizabeth (Ibid., 381-4) strongly recalls Hunt's "haughty courage stout", and is probably by him.

J. H. Pollen.

Hunter, Sylvester Joseph, English Jesuit priest and educator; b. at Bath, 13 Sept.. 1829; d. at Stony- hurst, 20 June, 1896. His father, the Rev. Joseph Hunter, himself descended from a long line of English Roundheads, was a Protestant dissenting minister, but is better known to posterity as an antiquai-ian writer and Shakesperean critic (see "Diet, of Nat. Biogr.", s. V. Hunter, Joseph). In 1833 Joseph Hunter removed with his family from Bath to London to assume the functions of Keeper of the Public Records, and in 1840 Sylvester Joseph Hunter entered St. Paul's School. While still a scliooU.ioy, he was, at least indirectly, lirought into relations with the Catho- lic Church by the conversion of two of his sisters. Having gained a scholarship at Trinity College, Cam- bridge, he entered that university in 1848 and, already remarkably proficient in classical literature, devoted himself mainly, if not exclusively, to the study of mathematics and physics. Graduating B.A. in 18,52, he was placed eighth wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos for that year. Soon after this he entered Lin- coln's Inn, London, as a law student.

In 1857 he was received into the Church by the same priest (Canon Oakeley) who, twelve years before, had received his two sisters. Within eight years of his graduation at Cambridge he had pubhshed two legal text-books ("The Suit in Equity" and "The Law of Trusteeships") which immediately attracted atten- tion to his abihty and ]irofessi,onal attainments. His prospects at the chancery Bar were already morally assured when, in 1861, he decided to turn his back upon the world and try his religious vocation in the Society of Jesus. Entering the English Novitiate 7 September, 1861, he there passed through the regular biennium of probation, attended lectures in philosophy at St. Mary's Hall, Stonyhurst, for one year, taught for two years at Stonyhurst College, and tlience passed on to his theological studies at St. Beuno's, where he was ordainei.1 priest in 1870. His career of inesti- mable usefulness to English Catholic education fairly began with his return, after ordination, to teach the higher classes at Stonyhurst. The requirements in physics and mathematics insisted upon by the LTni- versity of London at that time constituted a formid- able obstacle to Stonyhurst boys whose time had been almost monopolized by their Latin and Greek studies. Father Hunter's efforts to deal with this situation resulted in an increased number of Stonyhurst students mentioned in the London Honours Lists, as well as in two little books which he compiled to assist others in the same branch of teaching. His usefulness was widened when, in 1875, he took up the work of training Jesuit scholastics who were to teach in the colleges of the English Province. It was after ten years of this work that he was appointed rector of St. Beuno's, v/here he wrote the " Outlines of Dogmatic Theology" (3 vols., 1st ed., London, 1894) by which his name is now most widely known. Other spare moments were given to conducting the " Cases of Conscience " for the Diocese of Salford. During the last five j'cars of his life, passed at Stonyhurst, he began a "Short History of England", which was left unfinished at his death.

Letters and Notices (of the English Province, S. J.).

E. M.vcpherson.

Hunting, Canons on. — From early times, hunt- ing, in one form or another has been forbidden to clerics. Thus, in the "Corpus Juris Canonici" (C. ii, X, De cleric, venat.) we read: "We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons." The Fourth Council of the Late- ran, held under Pope Innocent III, decrees (can. xv): "We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics." The decree of the Coimcil of Trent is worded more mildly: "Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking" (Sess. XXIV, De reform., c. xii). The