Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 7.djvu/621

 HUNGARY

559

HUNGARY

the interests of Catholics, to administer the property of the Church, and to be the advisory council of the king in the appointment of cliurch dignitaries. The Congress of 1S71 accepted this plan and laid it before the king, but no practical results followed. After this but little was done in the matter until 1897, when a new congress for the promotion of autonomy was called. A commission was appointed which finished its labours in three years, and in 1900 the congress reassembled. The plan of the majority claimed au- tonomy almost entirely for the episcopate and left the administration of the property to the Government. The opposition party in the congress demanded the control of the funds, the schools, and the right of presentation for the congress. The discussions lasted through the years 1901-1902; in the latter year the congress closed its labours and laid the results before the king, who reserved his decision. Since then nothing more has been done in the matter.

In 1909, after long negotiations, the ques- tion of the equalization of clerical salaries was finallysettled (Art. XIII of 1909). The principal provisions of this law fix the salary of pastors of recognized religions at 1600 Kronen (.$320) with a minimum of 800 Kronen ($160); that of curates and assistant pastors at 1000 Kronen ($200), with a mini- mum of 800 Kronen ($160); the value of board and lodging is in- cluded in the salary of :i curate or assistant, and this is reckoned at .500 Kronen ($100). In order to meet the expenses of the equalization, the higher ecclesiastics of the Catholic Church are annually taxed to the amount of 700,000 Kronen ($140,000), and the Hungarian fund for religion to the amount of 1,200,000 Kronen

Si. Matthias* Chuhcii. Budapest (.$240,000). Ecclesiastical affairs are under the con- trol of the Hungarian Ministry of Education and Public Worship, in which a separate department, having one of the higher church dignitaries at its head, has been formed. The appointment of bish- ops, canons, abbots, etc. belongs to the king and follows upon the presentation of the names, with ministerial approval, by the minister of education and public worship. The bishops enter upon their office, take their seats in the House of Magnates, and receive their revenues without awaiting the papal confirmation. A royal edict of 1870 revived the old royal jus placeti and ordained that only after receiv- ing royal approval could decisions, constitutions, and decrees of councils and popes be promulgated in Hungary. It should also be mentioned that the Bull " Ne Temere", recently issued by the Holy See in regard to mixed marriages, was not enforced in Hun- gary, owing to the representations of the Hungarian episcopate, but the provisions of the Constitution "Provida", issued for Germany in the same matter, 18 January, 1906, were also extended to Hungary.

Actual Conditions. — The Church in Hungary, in respect to organization, is divided into the three Arch-

dioceses of Gran (Esztergom), Kalocsa, and Eger (Erlau). The suffragans of Gran are the Dioceses of Beszterczebanya (Neusohl), Gyor (Raab), Nyitra (Neutra),P<5cs (Funfkirchen),Sz&es-Fehervdr(StuhI- weissenburg), Szombathely (Steinamanger), Vacz (Waitzen), and Veszprem. The suffragans of Kalocsa are the Dioceses of Csaniid, Transylvania, and Nagy- Vdrad (Grosswardein). The suffragans of Eger (Erlau) are the Dioceses of Kassa (Kaschau), Rozsnyo (Rose- nau), Szatmar, and Szepes (Zips). The head of the Church is the Metropolitan Prince Primate, the Prince Archbishop of Gran (Esztergom). There is also in Hungary proper an abbey which is equal in rank to the dioceses, the Benedictine Abbey of Pan- nonhalma (Martinsberg). The Kingdom of Croatia- Slavonia has one archdiocese that of Zagrab (Agram). Its suffragans are the Dioceses of Diakovar (Bosnia, or

Diakovdr and Szerem), and Zengg-Modrus. There are two U n i a t Greek archdioceses in Hungary, Gran (Eszter- gom) and Gyula-Feh^r- var-Fogaras. The suf- fragans of the Uniat Archdiocese of Gran (Esztergom) are Mun- kdcs and Eperjes; those of Gyula - Feh^rvsir-Fo- garas are Lugos, Nagy- Vdrad (Grosswardein), Szamos-Ujvar, and the Diocese of K6r6s(Kreuz) in Croatia.

The Reformed Church is divided into four dis- tricts ; the Lutheran Church into five dis- tricts. The Orthodox Greek Church is gov- erned by the Patriarch of Karlocza (Karlowitz), who has under him the Dioceses of Bacs, Buda, Temesvar, and Versecz. The Orthodox Greek Church in Transylvania is governed bythcMetro- poUtan of Nagy-Szeben (Hermannstadt), who has under him the Dio- ceses of Arad and Kardn- sebes. The Patriarch of Karlocza (Karlowitz) has jurisdiction also over the Dioceses of Karolyvaros (Karlstadt) and Pakracz in Croatia. The Unitarian Church is divided into 9 dio- ceses with 113 mother-churches and 111 pastors; the see of their bishop is Kolozsvar (Klausenburg). The Jews are divided into three communities, the Con- gress, Status Quo, and Orthodox communities. In 1905 the Baptist Church was added to the legally rec- ognized religions, but only the community at Buda- pest, which in 1907 had 190 stations, was sanctioned as an organized community.

According to the Hungarian census of 1900 the adherents of the different religions number as fol- lows: (1) Civil population. — Catholic of the Latin Rite, 9,846,.533; Uniat Greek, 1,843,634; Reformed, 2,423,878; Lutheran, 1,280,070; Orthodox Greek, 2,799,846; Unitarian, 68,005; Jewish, 846,254; other confessions, 14,180. Total, 19,122,400. (2) Popu- lation in active military service. — Catholic of the Latin Rite, 73,380; Uniat Greek, 10,509; Reformed, 17,324; Lutheran, 8872; Orthodox Greek, 15,867; Unitarian, 563; Jewish, 5124; other confessions, 580. Total, 132,219.

The Catholic dioceses of Hungary contain 21 cathe-