Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 7.djvu/570

 HUO

510

HTJCBALD

1859 ended in the famous New Year's greeting of Napoleon III in 1S59, so fateful to Hiibner and to Austria: "I deplore that our relations with Austria are not as good as I should desire. I beg you, never- theless, to convey the message to Vienna that my personal regard for the emperor remains always the same". It is true that Rogge (Oesterreich von Vilagos bis zur Gegenwart, I, 539) asserts that Hubner had led so retired a life that he took this greeting for a cordial outpouring of the heart. But as early as 1854 Hubner had written: "How can one sleep with a sense of security when one has to deal with a man who desires to change the map of Europe from day to day, and who, when in a bad humour threatens one with revolution?" For Hubner was well aware that the emperor in his youth had made common caxise with the revolutionists in Italy, and that he was under obligations to the sects. Hiibner's aim was to render the fulfilment of these obligations difficult, and even impossible, for the emperor.

For a short time only (21 August to 22 October, 1859) Hubner was minister of police. From 1865 to 1867 he served as ambassador at Rome. His "Sixtus V " was the fruits of his Roman studies. He sought his material exclusively in official sources, preferably in embassy records. The pope who from the humblest condition in fife had risen to the highest of dignities, who had completed the organization of the papal Curia, and finished the dome of St. Peter's, and who had proven himself a great diplomat, specially inter- ested Hiibner. In 1871 Hiibner made a voyage round the world for the purpose of studying " the stniggle be- tween nature and civilization on the other side of the Rocky Mountains, the attempt of remarkable men in the Land of the Rising Sun suddenly to propel their nation along the paths of progress, and the secret but obstinate resistance in the Middle Kingdom [China] to the entrance of European cultiire". As Hubner, owing to his social standing, had every opportunity to see what he desired, while his penetration enabled him to perceive the significance of what he saw, the diary of his travels makes most interesting reading. In 1879, on his return home, he became a member of the Upper House, in which he often spoke on the con- servative side. He was seventy-two years of age when he set out for India, not, however, by way of usual route through the Siiez canal, but around the Cape of Good Hope. His return iourney was made by way of Canada. On his return he was raised to the dignity of count (1888). The last years of his life he gave to recollections of the past and to the arrange- ment of his papers. At last, on 30 July, 1892, he fol- lowed into eternity the wife whom he had so greatly mourned, Maria, nee von Pilat. His principal works are: "Ein Jahr meines Lebens, 1848-1849" (Leipzig, 1891; tr.Fr., Paris, 1891; tr. It. Milan, 1898); "Neun Jahre der Erinnerungen eines osterreichischen Bot- schafters in Paris unter dem zweiten Kaiserreich, 1851-1859" (2 vols., Berlin, 1904); "Life and Times of SLxtus V " (2 vols., Leipzig, 1S71 ; tr. Fr., 3 vols., Paris, 1870; 2nd ed., 1883; tr. London, 1872; tr. It., Rome, 18S7); "Spaziergang um die Welt" (2 vols., Leipzig, 1874; 7th ed., 1891; Fr. tr., 2 vols., Paris, 1873, 5th ed., 1877 ; Italian, Turin, 1873; Milan, 1S77) ; "Through the British Empire" (2 vols., Leipzig, 1886; 2nd ed., 1891; tr. 2 vols., London, 1886; tr., Fr., 2 vols., Paris, 1886; 2nd ed., 1890).

WcHZBATH. Biographisches Lexikon dt-a Kaiaerthuma Oester- reich, IX (Vienna, 1S6.3), :i91-394; Deutsche Rundschau fiir Geographic und Siatisiik. XII (1S90). 41-43: .4H(7fmrin<- Deutsche Biographic, L (Leipzig, 1905). (additions). 498-5(11.

C. WOLFSORUBER.

Hue, EvARisTE Regis, French Lazarist missionary and traveller; b. at Cavlus (Tarn-ct-Oaronne), 1 June, 1813; d. at Paris, 26'March, 1860. He entered the seminary of the Congregation of the Mission (Lazar- ists) 5 Sept., 1836, was sent to China in 1839, and

landed at Macao, whence he proceeded to the newly created (1840) Vicariate of Tartary-Mongolia, where he resided until 1844. During this year Bishop Martial Mouly, Vicar Apostolic of Mongolia, ordered Hue and his brother missionary Joseph Gabet, his senior by five years (b. 4 Dec, 1808), to make a journey of explora- tion through the territory included in the mission in order to study the customs of the nomadic Mongol tribes to be evangelized.

Accordingly, on 3 Aug., 1844, the two missionaries left their home, called by them Vall<>e-dcs-Eaux- Noires (Valley of the Black Waters), a Christian sta- tion about three hundred miles north of Peking, a young lama being the only companion of their long and adventurous expedition. They pa.ssed through Dolon-nor, Kwei-hwa-ch'eng, the Ordo country, Ning-hia, Ala-shan, crossed the Great Wall, and reached Si-ning, in the Kan-Su Province; they vis- ited the celebrated Buddhist monastery at Kuii-Buni, and having joined on 15 October a Tibetan embassy on its return journey from Peking, they finally arrived by the way of Ku-ku-nor, Tsaidam, and the moun- tains Bayan-Kara, at Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, 29 Jan., 1846, the journey having taken eighteen months. Hue and Gabet were well treated by the Tibetans, but, unfortunately, the Chinese imperial commis- sioner, Ki-shan, was hostile to them. Ki-shan had been governor-general of the Chi-li province and had entered into negotiations with Captain Charles Elliot during the Opium War, first at Ta-ku, then at Canton ; his action being disapproved, he was degraded, sen- tenced to death, reprieved, as is often the ca.se in China, aixl .sent to Tibet as impcri;il commissioner. Through his influence Hue and G:il>ct were expelled from Lhasa, 26 February, 184G, under the charge of a Chinese escort, and were conducted to Ta-Tsien-lu; well received by the Viceroy of Ch'cng-tu, they had to endure severe treatment through tlie Hu-Pe and Kiang-si provinces. The end of September, 1846, they arrived at Canton, where they were received by the Dutch consul, who advLscd the French consul at Macao of the return of his countrjmcn. Since the travels of the Englishman, Thomas Manning, in Tibet (1811-1812), no foreigner had visited Llia.sa. The authenticity of Hue's journey was disjiutod with some appearance of jealousy by the Ru.ssian traveller, Prjevalsky, but the Lazari.sl's veracity has been fully vindicated by Col. Henry Yule (in translation of Prjevalsky, "Mongolia ", London, 1876), and especially by Prince" Henri d'Orldans, who travelled over part of the same ground.

It must be borne in mind that both Hue and Gabet had written relations printed in the "Annales de la Propagation de la Foi" and the ".\nnales de la Con- gregation de la Mi-ssion" before the now-famous "Sou- venirs d'un vovage dans la Tartaric et le Tibet" was publi-shed at Pans in 1850. The writer of this article collected a number of official papers from the Macao consulate which leave no doubt as to the veracity of the travellers. The success of the "Souvenirs " was great, and the work was tran.slated into English, Ger- man, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, Swedish, and Russian. Hue was induced to publish a sequel vinder the title of "L'Empire Chinois" (Paris, 18.54), of no value what- ever; a later and more useful book is his " Le Chris- tianisme en Chine, en Tartaric et au Tibet" (Paris, 1857-8). Hue left his congregation 26 Dec, 1853. He took an active part in the negotiations that led to the war against Cochin-China in 1858.

Henri Cordier.

Hucbald of St-Amand (HtrcBALDUs, I'baldus, UcHVBAi.Dis), a Benedictine monk; b. in 840; d. in 930 or 932. The place of birth of Hucbald is unknown. From the few data we have concerning his career we learn that he entered the Benedictine Order in the monastery of St-Amand-sur-rElmon, near Toumai,