Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 7.djvu/568

 HUBERT

508

HUBERT

The principal authority for the life was an aaonymous author who was a pereonal acquaintance of the Saint. This is given by SuRius, 3 Nov., VI, 50 sqq.: Ahndt, Kteine Denkmaler aus der Merovingerzeit (Hanover, 1874): de Smedt, La Vie de Sl- Hubert, ecrite par un auteur contemporain in Bulletins de la Com- mission royale d'histoire, V (4th series, Brussels, 1878), no. 3. Also see RoBERTi, Hist. S. Huberti (Luxemburg, 1721), 20 sqq.; BENiNETT in Diet. Chr. Biog., s. v. Ilvhertus (2); Butler, Lives of the SaintSj 3 Nov.; Acta .S'.S.. 3 Nov.; Kessel in Kirchenlex., 8. V. For further bibliography see Chevauer, s. v.

C. F. Wemyss Brown.

Hubert, jEAN-FRANfoi,s, ninth Bishop of Quebec, b. at (jupbcc, 23 February, 1739; d. 17 October, 1799; son of Jacques-Francois, a baker, and Marie-Louise Maranda. After stiidyinj;; classics and theology at the seminary of Quebec, he waited six years before ordination, owing to the vacancy of the see, after Bishop Pontbriand's death ( 1 760) . When the Ameri- cans besieged Quebec (177-5), lie urged several students to join the defenders, and harboured and fed both wounded and prisoners of war. In 17S1 he solicited the Huron Mission at Detroit. There, after four years of ministry, the news of his choice for the coad- jutorship reached him. He was consecrated in 1786. In 1789 a group of English loyalists emigrated from the United States, planned the scheme of a mi,xed imiversity, under the name of Royal Institution, for Catholics and Protestants alike, to be subsidized out of the revenues of the Jesuits' estates, an organization investing the State with the entire control of educa- tion and destined to destroy the faith and national- ity of French Canadians. Bishop Hubert, in spite of opposition from unexpected quarters, successfully thwarted the plan. Of his two coadjutors, the first, Mgr Bailli de Messein, died in 1794, and was replaced by Mgr Pierre Denaut (1795). To supply the dearth of priests caused by the change of regime, Bishop Briand had, for thirty years, vainly begged the British Government for permission to recruit the clergy in France. When the Revolution cast numerous French- men on England's hospitality, several exiled priests were allowed to enter Canada. Bishop Hubert warmly ereeteil these saintly auxiliaries, who replaced prov- identially the fast disappearing survivors of the Jesuit and R^collet Orders. In his report to the Propaganda (1794), Bishop Hubert mentions 160 priests, of whom 9 were in Nova Scotia and vicinity, and 4 in Upper Canada, and 160,000 Catholics, in- clufling Indians. While not more than 5 Catholics had apostatized since the conr|uest of the country, nearly 300 Protestants had joined the Church during the same period. Besides his two coadjutors, he had con.secrated the first Vicar-.\postolic of Newfound- lan<l. Bishop .lames O'Donel, O.S.F.; he had ordained 53 priests and confirmed over 45,000 souls. He was the first to suggest the division of liis diocese, at the time vaster than the whole of Europe.

TfiTU, Les I'vegurs de Qw'her. (Quebec, 1889); Gakneau, His- loire du Canada (Montreal, 1882).

Lionel Lindsay.

Hubert, Military ORDEn.soFSAiNT. — I. The highest order of Bavaria, founded in 1444 or 1445 by Gerhard V, Duke of Jidieh, in commemoration of a victory gained on St. Hubert's day (3 Nov.); some, however, date the establishment as late as 1473 and 1475. .4fter being held by collateral branches of the family, and passing through many political changes, the Duchy of Jiilich, at the beginning of the eighteenth century, was umler the jurisdiction of the Electoral Prince Jo- hann Wilhelm, Duke of -Neuberg. In 1708 he restored the Order of St. Hubert, which had fallen into desue- tude, vesting the gr:uiiS of the order on a number of his courtiers, together with generous pensions, on con<li- tion that a tenth part of tlie.<e moneys be set aside for the poor, and a goodly sum be distribute<l on the day of their reception into the order. The order w.as con- firmed (30 March, ISOO), by Maximilian, King of

Bavaria, who stipulated that each capitular should have filled for at least six years the post of commander in the Order of the Crown of Bavaria, which he himself had instituted. The chapter was assigned for 12 Oc- tober, and the number of capitulars fixed at twelve. According to Schoonebeck the original collar of the order was composed of small horns obtained in the chase; later it was of gold, the forty-two links bearing alternately the representation of the conversion of St. Hubert and I. T. V., the initials of the device of the order. The cross is of gold enamelled in white and surmounted by a crown; on one side is represented the conversion of St. Hubert, with the Gothic legend In trail} vast (firm in fidelity); on the other the imperial orb and the inscription In memoriam recuperaUe digni- tatis antti; 1708.

II. An order instituted in 1416 under the name of the Order of Fidelity bj' the principal lords of the Duchy of Bar, for the purpose of putting an end tothe perpetual conflicts between the Duchies of Bar and Lorraine, and uniting them under Rene of Anjou. The order, which was to last for five years, was made perpetual in 1422 and placed under the patronage of St. Hubert. On the cession of the Duchies of Bar and Lorraine to France, Louis XV confirmed the knights in their ancient privileges. During the Revolution the order was maintained at Frankfort, but was reor- ganized in France in 1815, and formally recognized by Loui.s XVIII the following year. It ditl not survive the Revolution of 1830. The cross of the order bore on one side the image of St. Hubert kneeling before a cross visible between the horns of a stag; antl on the other the insignia of the Duchy of Bar, with the in- scription: Urdo nobilis s. Huberti Barensis, institutus anno 141(J-

Almanack de Golka ( — 1837); Helyot, Diet, dca ordres relig.

V. M. RUDGE.

Hubert Walter, .Vrchbishop of Canterbury (1193- 1205); d. 13 July, 1205; son of Hervey (Herveus) Walter and Matilda de Valoines, who.se sister married the celebrated Ranulf de Glanville. The family, which was of Norman descent, held lands in Lancashire and Norfolk. Hubert's elder lirother, Theobald Fitz- Walter, accompanied Henry II and John to Ireland, and became ancestor of the Butlers of Ormonde. We first hear of the archbishop as a chaplain in the house- hold of Ranulf de Cilanville, and a contemporary writer speaks of him as sharing with his master in the government of England. In 1184 and 1185 he ap- pears as baron of the exchequer, and in 1180 his name was one of the five submitted to Henry II by the Chapter of York for the vacant archbishopric. The king rejected all five. In 1189 Iluliert was acting as chancellor in Maine and was that year chosen by Richard I as Bi.shop of Salisbury. He was con.se- crated on 22 Octolier by .\rchbishop Baldwin of Can- terbury. Accompanying Richard on the Third Cru- sade, he was made, on Baldwin's death, chief chaplain to the whole cru.sading host. He was, moreover, one of the chief military commanders of the English con- tingent and acted as intermediary between Richard and .Saladin. His firmness in putting down disorder and licentiousness in the crusading army, the care he took of the sick and wounded, and his succour of the poorer pilgrims, won him the esteem of the other lea<lers. lie represented the English army when the first pilgrims were admitted to the Holy Sepulchre, and it was to him that .Saladin spoke his famous eulogy of Richard. Through his prompt help, an at- tack of the Saracens on the French while marching on .leru.-ialem was repulsed, and it w;is he who pre- vented the crusade from failing utterly, by concluding a long truce with Saladin during Richanl's illness. By his efforts, Saladin was induced to allow pilgrim- ages to the Holy Places, and when the Crusade was ended, it was under his leadership that the army was