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HUBERT

zur festen Begrundung ihrer Eidgenossenschaft" (Innsbruck, 1861), deal with territorial history. For the celebration of the five-hundredth anniversary of the union of Austria and the Tyrol, he wrote, in 1864, "Geschichte der Vereinigung Tirols mit Oesterreich" and, as a sequel, "Geschichte Herzogs Rudolf IV. von Oesterreich" (Innsbruck, 1865). After the death of Bohmer, the first publisher of the German imperial "Regesta", who had provided Huber with the means of making several .scientific journeys, Ficker, on whom had fallen the responsibility of completing Bohmer's work, called upon his former pupil to co-operate with him. Huber accepted the task and finished the fourth volume of the "Fontes rerum Germanicarum", containing the most important records of the four- teenth century. He then worked on the "Resesta" of Charles IV, which appeared between 1874 and 1877 with a learned introduction on the im- perial diplomacy of the later Middle Ages. This was fol- lowed by a supplement pub- lished in 1889. His master- piece is a "Geschichte Oester- reichs" in five volumes (1885— 96), brought down to 1648, and considered an authority on the subject. The last years of Ruber's life were devoted to research on the constitutional and administrative history of Austria, the result of which ap- peared in his " Oesterreichische Reichsgeschichte " (Vienna,

1895).

Redlich in Biooraphiscftes Jtihr- buch, III (1900), 104-110.

Patbicius Schl.iger.

Hubert, Saint, confessor, thirty -fir.st Bishop of Maa.s- tricht, first Bishop of Liege, and Apostle of the Ardennes, b. about 656; d. at Fura (the mod- ern Tervueren), Brabant, 30 May, 727 or 728. He was hon- oured in the Middle Ages as the patron of huntsmen, and the healer of hydrophobia. He was the eldest son of Bertrand, Duke of Aquitaine, and grandson of

Charibert, King of Toulouse, a ^

descendant of the great Phara- g^ h^bkht a.nu Si. Lu mond. Bertrand s wife is vari- ously given as Hugbern, and as Af re, sister of Saint Oda. As a youth, Hubert went to the court of Neustria, where his charming manners and agreeable address won universal esteem, gave him a prominent position among the gay courtiers, and led to his investment with the dignity of ' ' count of the palace " . He was a worldling and a lover of pleasure, his chief passion being for the chase, to which pursuit he devoted nearly all his time. The tyrannical conduct of Ebroin caused a general emigration of the nobles and others to the court of Austrasia. Hubert soon followed them and was warmly welcomed by Pepin Heristal, mayor of the palace, who created him almost immediately grand- master of the household. About this time (682) he married Floribanne, daughter of Dagobert, Count of Louvain, and seemed to have given himself entirely up to the pomp and vanities of this world. But a great spiritual revolution was imminent. On Good Friday morn, when the faithful were crowding the churches, Hubert sallied forth to the chase. As he was pursuing a magnificent stag, the animal turned, and, as the pious legend narrates, he was astounded at

Cerceiving a crucifix between its antlers, while he eard a voice saying: "Hubert, unless thou tumest to

the Lord, and leadest an holy life, thou shalt quickly go down into hell ". Hubert dismounted, prostrated himself, and said, "Lord, what wouldst Thou have me do?" He received the answer, "Go and seek Lam- bert, and he will instruct you."

Accordingly, he set out immediately for Maastricht, of which place St. Lambert was then bishop. The latter received Hubert kindly, and became his spiritual director. Hubert, losing his wife shortly after this, renounced all his honours and his military rank, and gave up his birthright to the Duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother Eudon, whom he made guardian of his infant son, Floribert. Having distributed all his personal wealth among the poor, he entered upon his studies for the priesthood, was soon ordained, and shortly afterwards became one of St. Lambert's chief associates in the administration of his diocese. By the advice of St. Lambert, Hubert made a pilgrimage to Rome and during his absence, the saint was assass- inated by the followers of Pepin. .\t the same hour, this was re- vealed to the pope in a vision, together with an injunction to appoint Hubert bishop, as being a worthy successor to the see. Hubert was so much possessed with the idea of himself winning the martyr's crown that he sought it on many occasions, but unsuccessfully. He distributed his episcopal revenues among the poor, was diligent in fasting and prayer, and became famous for his eloquence in the pulpit. In 720, in obedience to a vision, Hubert translated St. Lambert's remains from Maastricht to Liege with great pomp and cer- emonial, several neighbouring bishops assisting. .\ church for the relics was built upon the site of the martyrdom, and w'as made a cathedral the following year, the see being removed from Maastricht to Liege, then only a small village. This laid the foundation of the future greatness of Lit>ge,of which Lam- bert is honoured as patron, and ,,, „ St. Hubert as founder and first

Z.\lit.TlI — 1-. intNBACH,. ,

bishop. Idolatry still lingered in the fastnesses of the forest of Ardennes — in Toxandria, a district stretching from near Tongres to the confluence of the Waal and the Rhine, and in Brabant. At the risk of his life Hubert penetrated the remote lurking places of paganism in his pursuit of souls, and finally brought about the abolishment of the worship of idols in his neighbour- hood. Between Brussels and Louvain, about twelve leagues from Liege, lies a town called Teri'ueren, for- merly known as Fura. Hither Hubert went for the dedication of a new church. Being apprised of his impending death by a vision, he there preached his valedictory sermon, fell sick almost immediately, and in six days died with the words "Our Father, who art in Heaven . . ." on his lips. His body was deposited in the collegiate church of St. Peter, Liege. It was solemnly translated in 825 to the Abbey of Amdain (since called St. Hubert's) near what is now the Lux- emburg frontier; but the coffin disappeared in the sixteenth century. Very many miracles are recorded of him in the Acta SS., etc. His feast is kept on 3 Novem- ber, which was probably the date of the translation. St. Hubert was widely venerated in the Middle Ages, and many military orders were named after him.