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1888); Vernet, Histoire de Grenoble (3 vols., Grennble. 1900- 2) ; Bellet, Notes pour servir h la geographic et a I hist aire de I'ancien diocise de Grenoble (Montbi^'liard, 1883); Idem, De rapostolicite de I'eglise de Vienne in Semaine Religieuse de Greno- ble (1869-70); GuNDLACH, Der Streit der Bisthumer Aries und Vienne (Hanover, 1890); Duchesne, Fastes episcopaux, I, 84- 206; Jules Chevalier, Mcmoire sur les Heresies en Dauphine (Valence, 1890); Pra, Les Jesuites h Grenoble (Lyons, 1901); CoLLOMBET, Ilistoire de la sainte cglise de Vienne (4 vols., Vienne, 1847-48); Mermet, Chronique religieuse de la vilte de Vienne (Vienne, 1856).

(2) University of Greno ble, created by three Bulls of Benedict XII, 12 May, 27 May, and 30 September, 133'.». On 25 July, 1339, the Dauphin Humbert II (the Counts of Dauphine bore the title of Dauphin) drew up a charter of the privileges granted to the students at Grenoble, promulgated measures to attract them, and stipulated that the university should give instruction in civil and canon law, medicine, and the arts. A curi- ous ordinance i-ssued lOMay, 1340, by Humbert II com- manded the destruction of all the forges in the vicinity of Grenoble lest they should produce an irreparable famine of wood and charcoal. Humbert may have wished that life should be frugal where the university was established. Finally on 1 August, 1340, he declared that the superior court of justice of Dau- phine (conscil dclphinal), which he removed from Saint-Marcellin to Grenoble, shoidd be composed of seven counsellors, four of whom might be chosen from among the professors at Grenoble. Humbert's pro- jects do not appear to have been completely realized. The university lacked resources, indeed arts and medi- cine were not taught, and even the chairs of law seem scarcely to have survived the reign of Humbert II. At all events, when Louis XI created the University of Valence in 1-452, he declared that no institution of the kind existed at that time in Dauphin^. But in 1542 Francois de Bourbon, Count of Saint-Pol, great-uncle of Henry IV of France, and governor of Dauphine, re- established the university. The ItaUan jurist Gribaldi, the Portuguese jurist Govea, and the French jurist Pierre Lorioz, called Loriol, attracted many students thither, but the orthodoxy of these professors was sus- pected. This was one of the reasons which, in April, 1565, led Charles IX to unite the University of Grenoble to that of Valence, for which in 1567 Bishop Montluc, well known as a diplomat and powerful at court, was able to obtain the noted jurist Cujas. The citizens of Grenoble protested and sent delegates to Paris, but the edict of union between the universities was strength- ened by the circumstance that at the very time when Charles IX published his edict Govea and Loriol were compelled to institute a suit against the town of Grenoble in order to secure the payment of their ar- rears of salary. Equally ineffectual were the efforts for the renewal of the university frequently made by the town in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Napoleon I, on 1 November, 1S05, re-estabhshed the faculty of law of Grenoble. Since 1896 the different faculties of Grenoble form the University of Grenoble.

Marcel Fournier. Les statuts et privilbges des universit^s francaises, II (Paris, lS91),723-28; PaulFournier. L'ancimne universile de Grenoble; Busquet, Documents relaiifs h I'ancienne univrrsite in Livre du centenairc de la faculte de droit (Grenoble 1906), 12-69, 115-261.

Georges Goyau.

Gresemund, Dietrich, German humanist; b. in 1477, at Speyer; d. 1512, at Mainz. His father, also named Dietrich, was a native of Me.schede in West- phalia, and was educated first at Erfurt, where he became magister, and subsctiuently in Italy. Hav- ing graduated in medicine at Speyer, he became court-physician and councillor to the Elector of Mainz, in which city young Dietrich grew up and attracted great attention at an early age by his learning and ability. As early as 1493 "he became associated with Wimpfeling, Werner von Themar, and Abbot Trithe- mius, and in 1494 he pul)lishrd his first work. Even at that date Trithemius admitted him to his "Cata-

logus illustriura virorum" with warm eulogies, on the ground that the youth had far surpassed many men of mature age, including even doctors. Having received a thorough classical education from his father and attended lectures in dialectics at the University of Mainz, Dietrich studied law at Padua in 1495, and at Bologna in 1497. In 1498 he received the degree of doctor legum at Ferrara, and in 1499 he matric- ulated at Heidelberg. About 1501 he was in Rome to study antiquities, but soon had enough of the city, and wrote two very caustic epigrams ujion Alexander VI. On his return to Mainz a succession of honours awaited him during the brief renmant of life that was allotted to him. In 1505 he became canon at St. Stephen's, in 1506 vicar-general, in 150S prothonotary and judez generalis, in 1509 diffinitor cleri minoris at St. Stephen's, and in 1510 scholasticus in the same chapter. He was a sound and an upright judge, and led a pious, irreproachable life. He continued to apply himself to humanistic studies, cultivated an extensive friendly and literary intercourse, and was associated with the most renowned scholars of his day.

His first work was called" Lucubratiuncula'" (1494), and dedicated to Trithemius. The book is divided into three parts. The first of these, a dialogue in which is discussed the value of the seven liberal arts, rnet with special applause and was reprinted several times. It is worth remarking that this book con- tains the first plea from the Rhenish country for a reform in the teaching of grammar. His dialogue on the carnival deals with a humorous subject (1495). In 1499, when he already held an ecclesiastical office at Mainz, he delivered a discourse at a svnod presided over by Archbishop Berthold. In this he appears in the light of a stern cen.sor of the moral life of the clergy. His longest poem — a work of little merit — tells in moralizing, didactic fashion the story of the mutilation of a crucifix by an actor ("Historia violatse crucis", WTitten about 1505, but not printed until 1512). Gresemund's hobby was the collection of ancient coins and inscriptions. In 1510 he issued an edition of short texts in Roman archa?ology. Death prevented the publication of his works on antiquities, and the manuscript has been lost. Individual poems were written for the publications of his friends. He died of hernia in the prime of life. Erasmus paid him a splendid tribute in his edition of St. Jerome in 1516, and Gebwiler describes him in the following words: " Dietrich was slender of body and of medium height, with well-moulded features, dark hair, grey eyes, even- tempered, without rancour, without presumption, without pride, without affectation, gentle in his man- ner, and truthful."

Geicer in Allgem. deutsehe Biog., IX (Leipzig, 1879), 640; Bauc'H in Archiv jur Lileraturgcseh., XII (Leipzig, 1884), 346- 59: Bauch in Arcfiiv fur hessisehe Geseh. und Allerlumskunde, V (Damistadt, 1007), 18-35; Loffler in //. Ilmuelminins Ge- schichtliche Werke, vol. I, part iii (Munstcr, 1907), 13, 279-82.

Klemens Loffler.

Greslon, Adrien, French missionary; b. at P^ri- gueux, in 1618; entered the Society of Jesus at Bordeaux, 5 November, 1635; d. in 1697. He taught literature and theology in various houses of his order until 1655, when he was sent as a missionary to China. He arrived there in 1657, and after mastering the Chinese and Manchu languages went to the Province of Kiang-si, which he describes as a veritable Garden of Ellen. Here he remained, engaged in his mission- ary labours, until 1670, when he returned to France. Greslon wrote two books: "Les vies des .saints pat- riarches de I'Ancien Testament ", with reflections in Chinese; and "Histoire de la Chine sous la domina- tion des Tartares . . . depuis TamK^e 1651 . . . jasqu'en 1669" (Paris, 1671). Moreri, Grand Dictionnaire historique.

Leo a. KEU-y