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HOLY

house at Saint-Brieuc, in Brittany, and in several other of its houses in France, in the face of bitter persecution, several huntlreils of the Sisters of the Holy Ghost have gone to England, Belgium, and the United States. The late Bishop Tierncy invited them to his Diocese of Hartford in 1902, and frorn there they have already spread to Springliold, Provi- dence, Fall River, Burlington, and Ogdensburg. There are 22 houses at present in these several dioceses, and over 200 sisters. The provincial liouse is at Hartford, in. Sisters of the Holy Ghost (Dubuque). — This congregation was founded in 1S90, by the late Most Rev. John Hennessey, Archbishop of Dubuque. Its object is twofold, the cultivation of devotion to God the Holy Ghost, and the education of youth. The mother-house is in St. Anthony's parish, West Dubuque, Iowa.

IV. Sistek-Sekvants op the Holy Ghost. — This congregation was founded at Steyl, Holland, in ISNO, by the late Very Rev. Father Janssen, as auxiliary to his other foundation, the Society of the Divine Word. It was introduced into the United States in 1901, and has a convent at Techny, Illinois, and a school for negro children at Vicksburg, Mississippi.

V. Sisters of the Holy Ghost (for coloured people). — This congregation was first estaljlished in 1886 at San Antonio, Texas. So far, it has only two houses, one at San Antonio, and the other at Victoria, Texas.

I. Le Fix)CH, Vie de Poullarl des Places (Pjiris, 1906); Pitra, Vie du Vrn. Pire Libermann (Paris, 1876): Gopfert. Lije of Ven. Father Libermann (Dublin, 1880); Le Roy, Les Missions dfs pires du St-Esprit in Annates de la Propagation de la Foi (Paris, 1904): 'LlMBOun, La Conffrcgaiion du St-Esprit (Paris, 1909). — II. Notice sur la Congregation des Filles du St-Esprit (Saiiit-Brii-uc. ISK.X). — III. Catliolic Ncu-s (Now York, 28 Sept., 1901 ); Cnnsliliiiions of tlic Sisters of the Holi/ GliosI (Dubuque. 1908^. — IV. Die Missionsgenossenschaft von Steyl (.'^teyl, 1900).

John T. Murphy.

Holy Ghost, Servants of the. See Divine Word, Society op the (Nuns).

Holy Grail. See Grail, Holy.

Holy Humility of Mary, Institute of Sisters op The, founded at Dommartin-sous-Amance, France, in 18.55, by John Joseph Begel (b. .5 .\pril, 1817; d. 23 Jan., 1884), pastor of the two villages of Laitre and Dommartin. In 18.54 three pious women. Mile Poi- tier, the foundress, known in religion as Mother Mary Magdalen, Marie Tabourat, later Mother Mary Anna, and Sister Mary Joseph, having offered their services for the work of teaching poor children. Father Begel conceived the idea of establishing a religious commu- nity. The following year he drew up a rule which was adopted by the sisters and approved by the Bishop of Nancy, 29 Aug., 18.58. The object of the new congregation was the education of youth in country districts and small towns, the training of orphans, the care of the sick, and incidentally the decoration of altars in parish churches. The asso- ciation increased in numbers. Soon, however. Father Begel's open condemnation of the policy of Napoleon intow.Trds the Church and especially towards relig- ious orders, brought him into disfavour with the civil authorities, and the sisters of the community were refused diplomas and prevented from opening schools.

In 1863 Father Louis Hoffer of Louisville, Ohio, U. S. A., applied for four sisters to teach in his school. Bishop Rappe of Cleveland not otdy gave his ap- proval, but invited the whole community to settle in his diocese. The sisters, accompanied by Father Begel, set sail 30 May, 1864, and on their arrival took possession of a farm of 2.50 acres near New Bedford, Pennsylvania, which had ju.st been vacated by the Sisters of Charitv of St. Augustine, and to which they gave the name Villa Maria. It was far from a railroad, and the land was imoultivated, undrained, overgrown with brush, and dotted with sloughs, the buildings

being surrounded by a marsh. Moreover, the com- munity was destitute of resources and burdened with debt. Notwithstanding this the .sisters immediately undertook the care of orphans and the work to which they had pledged themselves, and were soon able to enlarge the buildings (l,S(i9 and 187.S). In 1S79 a hospital was built, and shortly afterwards a chapel. The year l,s,S4 was marked by the death of F:ither Begel, the veneralile founder. In 189!) ground was purchased at Cleveland, Ohio, for an ac;idcniy, which was chartered a few years later under the title of Our Lady of Lourdes, ami empowered to confer degrees. In 1897 it was removed to a more suitaljle location.

Owing to the remoteness of Mlla Maria from rail- road facilities, a tract of sixty-three acres between Canton and Ma-ssiUon. Ohio, \v;is purchased in 1904 for the purpo.se of erecting a new mother-house, to be kno^vn as Moiuit .Maria, and a college, which was opened in 190S under the title of College of the Immac- ulate Conception.

The sisters wear a blue woollen h;d)it, for headdress a gimp and bandeau, a black veil being worn by the professed, and a white one 1 ly no\'ices. A silver medal is suspended from the neck on a blue band, and a rosary from the girdle, which is also of blue. The novitiate lasts from two and a half to three vcars, and perpetual vows are made at the end of nme years. The superior, her two assistants, and four consultors are elected trienni;illy.

The congregation numbers (1909) about 200 mem- bers, including postulants and novices, in charge of 15 parochial scliools attended by 6400 children, 2 academies, and an orphan asylum at Villa Maria.

Holy Infancy, Brothers of the, founded in 1853 by the Right Rev. John Timon, the first Bishop of Buffalo. The special aim of this congregation is the sanctification of its members and the care of des- titute and wayward boys. Bishop Timon, upon tak- ing possession of his see, gave his first care to the orphans and neglected of his flock. He purchased a tract of land in West Seneca, now the city of Lacka- wanna, and established St. Jo.seph's Male Orphan Asylum and, a little later, St. John's Protectoiy for wayward and destitute boys. Rev. Thomas Ilines was appointed superintendent. These institutions struggled on under a heavy debt until 1882, when the Right Rev. Nelson H. Baker, V.G.,LL.D., was placed in charge. Monsignor Baker at once placed the work under the patronage of Our Blessed L:idy of Victory and founded the Society of Our Lady of Victory to care for destitute Catholic children. From this time the work prospered. At present (1909), under the general title of Our Lady of Victory Home, the following buildings are grouped: St. John's Protectory, with 700 boys; St. Jo.seph's Orphan Asylum, with 2.50 boys; Working Boys' Home, with 7.5 boys; Our Lady of Victory Infant Asylum, caring for about 150. The brothers give special attention to the trade school of the protectory; printing, pre.ss-feeding, book- bin<ling. baking, shoe-making, tailoring, plumbing, gas-fitting, and other trades are taught w ith excellent results. The brothers at present n\mil)er twenty- three. Young men are received from the age of six- teen to thirty-five. After a probation of six months the candidate receives the habit. Two years are pa.ssed in the novitiate, after which the novice takes the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. The brothers maintain a juniorate in which boys are re- ceived from twelve to fifteen years of age and trained to the work carried on by the community. They are governed liy the bishop, who appoints a priest to su- perintend the instittition and act as superior. Next m authority are the brother superior and his assistants, who are elected every three years.

Brother Stanislaus.