Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 7.djvu/362

 HEXATEUCH

318

HEYNLIN

Bishop of Telia in Mesopotamia, who accomplished

the work at Alexandria about 616-17. Several books and large portions of this Syro-Hexaplar text survive, and are the source, in a very great measure, of our knowledge of Origen's work. The Hexaplar text also influenced St. Jerome very strongly in his first two translations of the Psalter into Latin, the Psalterium Romanum and (particularly) the Gallicanum. Saint Jerome also followed the Hexaplar text, for which he had a very high regard, as the basis of his translations, no longer extant, of other books. The same influence is further seen in the Coptic (Sahidic), the Arabic, and the Armenian versions. If the original Septuagint text be taken as the standard, it is unquestionable that Origen's influence, both upon the Septuagint and its daughter versions, ultimately availed, through the negligence of copyists, to remove them further from the pristine purity of the Biblical text; but by all those who regard the Hexaplar text, by reason of its insertions and corrections from the lexlus receptus, as nearer to the original Heljrew than is the Septuagint, his influence must be judged to have worked, on the whole, for the spread of a truer text. The Hexaplar MS. was kept at Csesarea in Palestine, where it was consulted by Eusebius, Epiphanius, and Jerome; it disappeared from sight shortly after the beginning of the seventh century.

The first attempt to collect its disjecta membra, scattered over Bililical manuscripts and patristic writings, was made by Drusius (Driesch) in his work, "In Psalmos Davidis Veterum Interpretum quse ex- tant Fragmenta", Antwerp, 15.81 (so Mercati). Ad- ditions were made by Peter Morin in his notes to the Greek Bible authorized by Sixtus V (1587), as also in the posthumous work of Drusius (1622), and the monumental work of Montfaucon (1713). The pub- lication of the Syro-Hexaplar text by Ceriani and others gave l>ack to the workl a great part of Origen's work. Frederick Field in his "Origenis Hexaplorum qua; .supersunt . . . Fragmenta" (Oxford, 1875) col- lected into one grand work the results of two centuries of investigation and discovery. Since his day, Pitra's "Analecta Sacra", III (Venice, 18.83), Klosterman's "Analecta zur . . . Hexapla" (Leipzig, 1895), and Dom Morin's "Anecdota Maredsolana", III, i, have given the world further discoveries. Add to these, to complete the history of the Hexapla's recovery, the palimpsest fragments of several of the psalms discov- ered by Mercati in the Amlirosian Library of Milan (1896), and the palimpsest fragment of Ps. xxii recov- ered from a genizah of Cairo (1900), which reproduce almost the exact form of Origen's work. Though much has been lost, including most of the versions of Aquila, Symmachus, and Theodotion, still, by these patient, untiring labours, vast materials have been gathered for the reconstruction of a purer Sacred Text. (See M.\nuscripts of the Bible; Origen; Septdagint. — Versions of the Bible, Greek.)

Of the above mentioned works Field is by far the most im- portant. See also Taylor in Did. Christ. Biog., s. v.; Swete, Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek (CambridEe. 1902); LoisY, Hisloirc Critique du Texte et des Versions de la Bible (Amiens, 1892); Nestle in Hast., Diet, of the Bible, s. v. Septua- gint; Ermoni in Vic, Diet, de la Bible, a. v. Hexaples; Ho- WARTH, The Hernpla and Tetrapla of Origen in Proceedings of the Societi/ of Biblical Archeeologu (London, .May. lOOli); B0RK1TT, The .^o-Colled Quinta of IV Kings, ibid. (June. 1902); Mercati, Un Palimpscito Ambrosiano del Salmi Esapli (Turin, 1896), ex- tract from Arcademia lieale delle Scieme di Torino (1895-96); Mercati, Psalmorum Hexaplorum Reliqui<2 e Codice reseriplo Ambrosiano (Rome, 1901) — cf. Expository Times (Nov., 1901); Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of .Samuel (Ox- forci, 1890), pp. 44 sqq. A considerable number of patristic and other references may be found in Field and Swete.

John F. Fenlon.

Hexateuch, a name commonly used by the critics to designate the first six books of the Old Testament, i. e. the Pentateuch and Josue. The purpose of the name is to show that the five books of the Pentateuch, together with the book of Josue, form a Uterary whole.

The name Hexateuch, in the intention of the critics, does not mean that the sources of these books are to be found only in the six books herein included. (See Pent.\teuch and Josue.)

Walter Drum.

Hexham and Newcastle, Dioce.se of (Hagulsta- DENSI.S ET Novoca!stren,sis). — Hexliam, in Northum- berland, England, receives its name from the stream Hextold; its old name.Hagustald, came from another stream, the Halgut, whence the adjective Hagustald- ensis used by Bede and medieval writers. It was founded as an abbey by St. Wilfrid of York, in 674, on land given by the Northumbrian queen St. Etheldreda. When the Diocese of York was divided (678) Hexham was made a bishopric for the country between the Rivers Aln and Tees; although, under its first bishop, St. Eata, it remained for a time vinited to Lindisfarne (founded in 635 by St. Aidan), which diocese extended northwards from the Aln to the Forth. Of the eleven bishops of Hexham who followed St. Eata, six were saints, among them being St. John of Beverley (685- 705), St. Wilfrid, who, resigning the See of York, died Bishop of Hexham in 709 ; and his successor, St. Acca, to whom Venerable Bede dedicated several of his works. The last bishop of this ancient line was Tid- fert, who died about 821 ; no successor was appointed, the condition of the country being too unsettled. A period of disorder followed the Danish devastations, after which Hexham monastery was reconstit\ited in 1113 as a priory of Austin Canons, which flourished until its dissolution under Henry VIII. Meantime the bishopric had been merged in that of Lindisfarne, which latter see was removed to Chester-le-Street in 883, and thence to Durham in 995.

On the establishment of the present English hier- archy in 1850, the See of Hexham was revived, that of Newcastle (where the cathedral is) being joined to it in 1861. The previous Vicar Apostohc of the Northern District, William Hogarth, became its first bishop under the new regime, being followed b\' James Chadwick (1866-82), John William Bewick (1882-86), and Henry O'Callaghan (1888-89). Bishop Thomas William Wilkinson, consecrated as auxiliary in 1888, succeeded in 1889, and resided at Ushaw College as its president till his death on 17 April, 1909. The present diocese answers to the two medieval Dioceses of Durham and Carlisle, comprising the Counties of Northumberland, Durham, Cumberland, and Westmoreland. Its Catholic population was estimated in 1908 at 179,021, the secular clergy numbering 182, the regular clergy (Benedictines, Do- minicans, Redemptorists) 45, and the pviblic churches and chapels (not counting tho.se of communities), 122. It contains three convents of contemplative nuns and numerous schools and institutions conducted by religious. St. Cuthbcrt's College, Ushaw, educates some 300 students, clerical and lay ; and there is a boj-s' grammar school at Newcastle. Together with Our Lady Immaculate, the diocese's chief patron is St. Cuthbert, to receive whose incorrupt body. Durham's magnificent cathedral was originally built; his ring, now preserved at LTshaw, is worn bj' the bishop when ordaining. Its long list of native saints includes St. Bede the Venerable, recently proclaimed Doctor of the Church; St. Oswald, king and martyr; St. Godric, hermit ; and Blessed Thomas Percy, Earl of Northum- berland, with other martyrs of the penal days.

Xnrthern Catholic Calendar for Hexham and Newcastle Diocese (Halifax, 1909); Catholic Director!/ (London, 1909); Bede, Historia Eeclesiastica, ed. Plumher (Oxford, 1896); Hexham Priory, Historians, etc., Surtees Society (Durham, 1864); William of Malmesbuhy, Gesta Pontijicum in Rolls Series (London, 1870).

G. E. Phillips.

Heynlin of Stein (a Lapide), Johann, theolo- gian, b. about 1425; d. at Basle, 12 March, 1496. He was apparently of Swabian origin. On the comple-