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 HEWETT

309

HEWIT

I'histoire naturelle de I'Empire Chinois" (Shanghai, Imprimerie de la Mission Catholique), founded by the Jesuits of Zi-ka-wei in 1SS2. Of these "M^moires" there had appeared at the time of Heude's death four vohimes, of four numbers each, and the first number of volume V, containing in all more than SOO pages and, in round numbers, 200 illustrations and plates, partly coloured, in royal folio. There is in the first volume a short article by P. C. Rathouis; the rest is due to the pen of Father Heude, who l)y this time had taken up the study of mammals. He had in the meanwhile (ISSl- 83) founded, with the co-operation of a number of missionaries, a museum in Zi-ka-wei for the natural his-tory of Eastern Asia, and had visited Europe to study the great museums of natural history in Paris, London, Antwerp, and Leyden.

Henceforth he directed his studies particularly to the systematic and geographical propagation of East- ern Asiatic species of mammals, as well as to a com- parative morphology of classes and family groups according to tooth-formation and to skeleton. His fitness for this work arose from an extremely keen eye, an accurate memory, and the enormous wealth of material which he partly accumulated in the course of his earlier travels, partly found in the museum of Zi-ka-wei, and partly ferreted out in new expeditions which he undertook in all directions. These expedi- tions covered chiefly the years from 1S92 to 1900. They took him to the Philippines (which he visited three times), to Singapore, Batavia, the Celebes, the Moluccas, New Guinea, Japan, Vladivostock, Cochin- China, Cambodia, Siam, Tongking. Volumes II to V of the " M^moires " give the results of these studies in numerous articles which treat practically of all classifications of mammals, notably the " Etudes odontologiques ", and, lastly, discuss the tooth-forma- tion of the anthropoid apes and of man. As an investigator in connexion with his morphological treatises, Heude carried on his work with aljsolute independence of method. He contented himself with the facts before him and sought little assistance from authorities. He did not fear to deduce theoretical conclusions from his own observations, which flatly contradicted the views of other investigators — e. g., Riitimeyer — consequently, he was drawn into contro- versies. Heude fell seriously ill at Tongking in July, 1900 (his travelling diary, which he kept scrupulously up to date, began in November, 1867, and ended 22 July, 1900), and after October, 1900, resided in Zi-ka-wei, where, though in bad health, he continued his scientific work until just before his death.

Etudes, XC (Paris, 1902); Natur und Offenbarung, X1,VI11 (Miinster, 1902). JoSEPH RoMPEL.

Hewett (alias Weldon), John, English martyr, son of William Hewett of York, date of birth un- known; executed at Mile End Green, 5 October, 1588. The two names Hewett and Weldon gave rise to some confusion, and Challoner in his " Memoirs ", in addi- tion to his sketch of " John Hewit ", records under the same date one John Weldon " priest of the College of Douay according to Champney and Molanus". That but one martyr is referred to is proved by Law in " Martyrs of the Year of the Armada " (The Month, XVI, 3rd ser., 71-85), chiefly on the testimony of a certain tract dated 24 Oct., 1588, entitled: "A True Report of the inditement, arraignment, conviction, condemnation, and Execution of John Weldon, Wil- liam Hartley, and Robert Sutton ; Who suffered for high Treason, in severall places, about the Citie of London, on Saturday the fifth of October, Anno 1588. With the Speeches, which passed between a learned Preacher and them; Faithfullie collected, even in the same worries, as neere as might be remembred. By one of credit, that was present at the same" (London, 1588). From Caius College, Cambridge, Hewett passed to the English College, Reims, where, in 1583,

he received minor Orders. Later he went to England, where he was captured and banished, reaching Reims once more in November, 1585. After his ordination he returned to England, where he was again captured and exiled, early in 1587, to the Netherlands, this time only to fall into the hands of the Earl of Leicester, who arrested him on a false accusation and sent him back to England for trial. In October, 1588, he was formally arraigned on a charge of obtaining ordination from the See of Rome and entering England to exer- cise the ministry. He was sentenced to death, and the day following was taken through the streets of London to Mile End Green, where before his execution he held disputes with two preachers, one of whom seems to have been the author of the above-mentioned tract.

Challoner, Memoirs of Ennlish CalJwlirs, I (London, 1878); Douay Diaries, ed. Knox; Gillow, Bibl. Did. Eng. Cath.

F. M. RUDGE.

Hewit, Augustine Francis, priest and second Superior General of the Institute of St. Paul the Apos- tle; b. at Fairfield, Conn., U. S. A., 27 November, 1820; d. in New York, 3 July, 1897. His father was Rev. Nathaniel Hewit, D.D., a prominent Congrega- tionalist minister; and his mother, Rebecca Hill- house Hewit, was a daughter of Hon. James Hiflhouse, United States Senator from Connecticut. He was educated at the Fairfield public school, Phillips (An- dover) Academy, and Amherst College, from which he was graduated in 1839. Although strictly edu- cated in the religious sect of his parents, his aversion to its peculiar Calvinistic tenets prevented him from joining their Church until after his graduation from college, when, as he declares, he first learned that "a baptized person may claim the privilege of a Christian, if he is willing to acknowledge and ratify the covenant of which the sacrament is the sign and seal". Shortly after his conversion he began the study of theology at the Congregationalist seminary at East Windsor, Conn. Scarcely had he finished its prescribed course and been licensed to preach when he became convinced that episcopacy is of Divine origin and he entered the Episcopal Church. The Oxford Movement in that Church had already ex- tended to America, and Hewit became one of its most ardent followers. He received the Anglican order of deacon in 1844, but with the expressed condition that he might interpret the Thirty-nine Articles in the sense of "Tract 90". The conversion of Newman in 1845 gradually unsettled his belief in the validity of the claims of Anglicanism, and he made his sub- mission to the Catholic Church, 25 March, 1846. He then studied Catholic theology privately under the direction of Dr. Patrick N. Lynch, afterwards Bishop of Charleston, S. C, and Dr. James A. Corcoran, sul> sequently professor at Overbrook Seminary, Philadel- phia. He was ordained priest on the first anniversary of his profession of faith by Right Rev. Ignatius A. Reynolds, D.D., Bishop of Charleston. He then be- came a teacher in a collegiate institute founded by Bishop England at Charleston, and assisted Bishop Reynolds in the compilation of Bishop England's works for publication. This occupation called him to Baltimore and Philadelphia, where he resided with Bishop Francis P. Kenrick and became acquainted with the Venerable John Nepomucen Neumann, C. SS. R. Here he was attracted to the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, which he entered in 1849. He made his reHgious profession 28 Nov., 1850. As a Redemptorist he laboured principally on missions with Fathers Isaac T. Hecker, Clarence A. Walworth, Francis A. Baker, and George Deshon, until with them he was dispensed from his religious vows by a decree of the Roman Congregation of Bishops and Regulars, 6 March, 1858. Under the leadership of Father Hecker all of these priests immediately formed the Institute