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 HERRERA

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HERSFELD

Augustine " in the chapel of the Augustinian Recollects and the "Nativity" in the church of San Geronuno. Barnuevo's colouring was as brilliant and harmo- nious as tliat of Titian, whom he imitated; hLs style was scarcely to be differentiated from Guido's; his draughtsmanship was excellent, and his work with the graver and etching-needle highly esteemed. He was an able architect, and won such fame in this branch of art that he received many commissions from the Court and the nobility. He was a simple, modest, urbane, and deeply religious man, as well as a most versatile artist.

S.\NTOs, La Descripcion del Escorial (Madrid, 1657); Quel- UET, Dictionnaire des peintres espagnols (Paris, s. d.) ; Siret, Dictionnaire historique des peintre^ (Louvam, 1SS3).

Leigh Hitnt.

Herrera y Tordesillas, Antonio de, Spanish historian; b. at Cuellar, in the province of Sego\'ia, in 15.59 ; d. at Madrid, 27 March, 1625. He was a great- grandson of the Tordesillas who was put to death by the Comuneros at Seville. He studied in Spain and Ital}', and became secretary to Vespasiano Gonzaga, a brother of the Duke of Mantua, who wa.s afterwards Viceroy of Navarre and Valencia, and who recom- mended him to Philip II in the last year of that mon- arch's reign. Philip appointed him grand historiog- rapher {cninista mayor) of America and Castile, and he filled that office during part of his ro\-al patron's reign, the whole reign of PhiHp III, and the beginning of that of Philip IV. At his death his body was con- veyed to Cuellar, and interred in the church of Santa Marina, where his tomb Ls stUl to be seen.

His most famous work is the "Historia General de los Hechos de los Castellanos en las Islas y Tierra Firme del Mar Oc^ano" (General History of the deeds of the Castilians on the Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea), divided into eight periods of ten years each, and comprising all the years from 1472 to 1554. This work was printed at Madrid in 1601 ; reprinted by Juan de la Cuesta in 1615; revised and augmented by .\ndr^s Gonzalez and publishetl at Madrid by Nico- las Rodriguez in 1726, and at Antwerp, by Juan Bau- tista Verdussen, in 1728. Worthy of note is the "Description of the West Indies", in the first volume of his work, which was translated into Latin and i5ub- lished at Amsterdam, by Caspar Barleo, in 1622, a French version being published at Paris in the same year. In 1660 there appeared a French translation of the first three decades of his " Historia" bj- Nicolas de la Corte. In writing his great work Tordesillas made use of all the public archives, having access to docu- ments of every kind. It is evident in his writings that he had to deal with a large number of historical manu- scripts, and contented himself with relating events as he found them recorded. A great part of his work is more or less a transcript of the Historj- of the Indies left by the famous Bishop Bartolome de las Casas, though expurgated of wellnigh everything unfavour- able to the settlers. A painstaking and conscientious investigator for the most part, his style does not correspond to his other admirable qualifications. He wa.s a learned and judicious man, though, particularly in the later decades, somewhat prone to overpraise the confjuerors and their exploits.

In addition to that already mentioned, his most im- portant works are: "\ General History of the World during the time of Philip II from the year 15.59 to the King's death" ; " Events in Scotland and England dur- ing the forty-four years of the lifetime of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland" (Historia de lo sucedido en Escocia ^ Inglaterra en los cuarenta y cuatro anos que \-ivi6 Maria Estuardo Reina de Escocia) ; Five books of the historj' of Portugal and the conquests of the Azores in the years 1582, 1583; "Historj- of events in France from 1585 to 1594" (a work published in Madrid in 1598, but suppressed by command of the king); "A Treatise, Relation, and Historical Discourse on the

DLsturbances in Aragon in the years 1591 and 1592" (Tratado, relacion y discurso historico de los movimi- entos en .\rag6n en los anos de 1591 y 1592); "Com- mentary on the deeds of the Spaniards, French, and Venetians in Italy, and of other Republics, Potentates, famous Itahan Princes and Captains, from 1281 to 1559"; "Chronicle of the Turks, following chiefl)' that written by Juan Maria Vicentino, chronicler to Ma- homet, Bajazet, and Suleiman, their lords " (unpub- lished) ; various works translated from the French and Italian, preserved in the National Library at Madrid.

Dice, enciclopcdico hl.'ipuno-antcricaito (Barcelona, 1S92), X; .\sTR-4lN, Breves apuntes de literatura espaiiola; Works of Ant, Herrera (Madrid, 1615, 1726; Antwerp, 1728).

Camillds Criveli.i.

Herrgott, M.^rqu.ird, a Benedictine historian and diplomat; l>. at Freiburg in the Breisgau, 9 October, 1694; <1. at Krozingen near Freiburg, 9 October, 17G2. .\fter studying humanities at Freiburg and i^trasburg, he became tutor in a private family at the latter place and accompanied his two pupils to Paris, where he remained two years. I'pon his return to Germany he entered the Benedictine Abbey of St. Blasien in the Black Forest, made his vows on 17 Nov., 1715, and was sent to Rome to study theology. After being or- dained priest on 17 Dec, 1718, he returned to St. Blasien. In 1721 he went to the Abbey of St. Gall to study Oriental languages, but was soon recalled in order to accompany his abbot to Vienna, where he de- voted himself for a few months to the study of history. Shortly after, he was sent to the Abbey of Saint-Ger- main-des-Pr^s to continue his historical studies under the direction of the learned Maurist Benedictines. The first fruit of these studies was a valuable work on old monastic customs, " Vetus disciplina monastica" (Paris, 1726). Shortly after the publication of this work, Herrgott returned to St. Blasien, gathered mate- rial for a history of the Diocese of Constance and wrote a history of St. Blasien, which Ls preserved in manu- script at St. Paul's Abbey in Carmthia. In 1728 he was sent to the imperial Court of Vienna as diplomatic representative of the Estates of Breisgau, which then belonged to Austria, and filled this position very cred- itably over twenty years. While at \'ienna he made a thorough study of the history of the imperial house of Hapsburg and, after eight years of diligent researches, published the first three volumes of his valuable work on the Austrian Imperial family "Genealogia diplo- matica Augusta: GentLs Habsb\irgica^" (Vienna, 17.37). The continuation of this work he published under the title "Monumenta .\ugust;e Domus Austriacir", vol. I (Vienna, 1750), vol. II (Freiburg, 175.3), vol. Ill (Freiburg, 1760), second edition (St. Blasien, 177.3). As reward for his labours he had been appointed imperial councillor and hLstoriographer in 17.37. In 1749 he gave offence to the imperial Court by courageously defending the rights of the Church and the privileges of the Estates, and, in con.seciuence, was forced to re- sign his office. His abbot appointed him provost of Krozingen and governor of .Staufen and Kirchhofen, which were dependencies of the Abbey of .St. Blasien.

Scriptorex Or<Huis S. Bcnedicti qyii 17M-lfi.iO fitertinl in Im- perio Austriaco-llvngarico (\'ienDa. 1881), 184-7; Wegei.e in Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, s. v.; Koenig in Kirchmlex, s. V.

Michael Ott. Hermhuter. See Bohemian Brethren.

Hersfeld, ancient imperial abbey of the Bene- dictine Order, situated at the confluence of the Geisa and Haune with the Fulda, in the Province of Hesse- Nassau. Prussia. Stumii, a disciple of St. Boniface, originally founded a monastery here in 742, but, owing to its position being exposed to attacks from the Saxons, he transferred it to Fulda. Some years later (about 768) after the defeat of the Saxons by the Franks, Liillus, Bishop of Mainz, refounded the monastery at Hersfeld. Charlemagne (who had re-