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HERIOER

him the confidence of all the bishops and CathoUc scholars of Germany. In 1877 Pius IX had recog- nized his services to the ^'atican Council and the ec- clesiastical sciences by making him a domestic prelate. When Leo XIII determined to open the Vatican Archives to the scholars of the world, he found in him the savant to whom he might safely entrust the prac- tical execution of this generous act. Hergenrother was made Cardinal-Deacon of San Nicolo in Carcere, 12 May, 1S79, to the great joy of all German, and particularly Bavarian, Catholics. At a later date he was transferred to Santa Maria in A'ia Lata. He was also appointed Cardinal-Prefect of the ApostoHc Archives, a new office, w'hich he was the first to fill, and in which he was charged with the establishment of research work in the Vatican Archives and the system- atizing, on scientific lines, of scholarly work amid these rich treasures. That he executed the views of Leo XIII in a satisfactory and even generous manner, is acknowledged by the numerous historical workers who have laboured in the archives since 1879. Her- genrother was also a member of several Roman con- gregations (Index, Studies, and Extraordinary Eccle- siastical Affairs), and protector of several religious institutes. He undertook, moreover, to edit the official correspondence (Regesta) of Leo X, a rather thank- less task, and one of great difficulty, because of the ex- ceedingly bad handwriting of that day. He was efficiently aided by his youngest brother, Franz Her- genrother, who had accompanied him to Rome. Be- fore his death the cardinal published eight parts or fasciculi of this extensive work, " Leonis X Pont. Maximi Regesta", Vol. I (Freiburg, 1884-85). A small part of the second volume was brought out (Freiburg, 1891) by his brother and fellow-editor, since which time the publication has ceased by reason of the latter's return to Wurzburg as canon capitular of the cathedral.

Despite the grave burdens that now weighed upon him. Cardinal Hergenrother untlertook another work of the most exacting nature, the continuation of Hefele's "History of the Councils", two volumes of which he published before his death (vol. VIII, Frei- burg, 1887; vol. IX, 1890). The latter volume con- tains the preliminary history of the Council of Trent and is also a history of the Lutheran Reformation. He suffered much in the last years of his life, as the result of an apoplectic attack which crippled him grievously though it did not affect the brightness and vigour of his intellect. He was able to keep up his Hterary labours to the day of his death. During the summer vacation of 1880 he took up his residence in the Cistercian Abbey of Mehrerau (on the Bodensee) the hospitality of which he had more than once en- joyed. In this secluded spot he met with another apoplectic stroke, and died. He was laid to rest in the church of the abbey. In 1897 a suitable monument was erected to his memory by his friends, and dedi- cated (25 March).

Steixer. Cardinal Hergcnruther in Der Episcopal der Gcgen- warl in LebenabUdem dargesldlt (Wurzburir. 1882): Hf.inrich, Cardinal Hergmrulher in Der Kalholik (1890). II, 4S1-99; HoiJ.- WECK, Ein bayrrischrr Cardinal in Historisch-politittcJie Blatter, CVI (1890), 721-29; Stammisger. Rede zum Gediichtnisse Car- dinal Herurnrulhrrs (Freiburg. 1892); Zobl, Traurrrede brim Leichenbequngnisse Sr. Eminenz des Cardinals Hergenrother (Feldkirch. 18901; Nihschl, Gediichlnistrede (Wurzburg. 1897); Lauchert in Allgem. deutsche Biogr., 8. v.

J. P. Kjrsch.

Heribert, Saint, Archbishop of Cologne; b. at Worms, c. 970; d. at Cologne. 16 March, 1021. His father was Duke Hugo of Worms. After receiving his education at the cathedral school of Worms, he spent some time as guest at the monastery of Gorze, after which he became provost at the cathedral of Worms. In 994 he was ordained priest ; in the same year King Otto III appointed him chancellor for Italy and four years later also for Germany, a position which

he held until the death of Otto III on 23 January.1002. As chancellor he was the most influential adviser of Otto III, whom he accompanied to Rome in 996 and again in 997. He was still in Italy when, in 999, he was elected Archbishop of Cologne. At Bene\cnto he received ecclesiastical investiture and the pallium from Pope Sylvester II on 9 July, 999, and on the fol- lowing Christmas Day he was consecrated at Cologne. In 1002 he was present at the death-bed of the youthful emperor at Paterno. While returning to Germany with the emperor's remains and the imperial insignia, he was held captive for some time by the future King Henry II, whose candidacy he at first opposed. As soon as Henry II was elected king, on 7 June. 1002, Heribert acknowledged him as such, accompanied him to Rome in 1004, mediated between him and the House of Luxemburg, and served him faithfully in many other ways; but he never won his entire con- fidence until the year 1021, when the king saw his mistake and humbly begged pardon of the archbishop. Heribert founded and richly endowed the Benedictine monastery and church of Deutz, where he lies buried. He was already honoured as a saint during his life- time. Between 1073 and 1075 he was canonized by Pope Gregory VII. His feast is celebrated on 16 March.

Lambert of Dedtz. Vita Heriberti in Ada SS., March, II, 467-75. and in Man. Germ.: Script.. IV, 740-53; Idem. Vita Heriberti quo continentur miracula poB' mortem in Man. Germ.: Script., XV, 1245-60. The ssinie, rewritten by Rupert of Deutz. in Acta SS., March. II. 47.i-490, and in >. L., CLXX. 389-42S; Kleinerm.an.ns. Der Id. Heribertus in Die Heiligen aut dem bisch"flichen bezw. erzbiachujlichen Stulde von Kt>ln, It (Cologne, 1895-8).

Michael Ott.

Heribert (Aribert), Archbishop of Milan (1018- 1045\ an ambitious and warlike prince of the Church; d. at Monza, 16 January, 10-15. After Conrad II was elected King of Germany in 1024, Heribert visited the new king at Constance in 1025, and in consideration of various privileges promised to helji him to secure the crown of Lombard}'. On 23 March, 1026, Heribert crowned Conrad II at Milan with the iron crown of Lombardy, and a year later was present at his imperial coronation, which was performed in Rome b\- John XIX on 26 March, 1027. In 1034 he assisted Conrad II in the conquest of Burgimdy. In his ambition to be the supreme spiritual ruler of I'pper Italy, he disre- garded the rights of other dioceses, and consequently came into collision with the Metropolitan of Ravenna. He, moreover, committed many acts of violence against the inferior nobility, the so-called valvassores, who in consequence revolted against him. Upon his request the emperor came to Italy to quell the revolt. When, however, the emperor demanded that the archbishop should give an account of his actions, the latter refused to do so on the plea that he was not a subject, but the equal of the emperor. Upon this the emperor had him arrested. The Milanese looked upon this act as a national insult, and, after the archbishop's escape, assisted him loyally against all the attempts of the emperor to gain possession of Milan, even after the archbishop was excomnumicated by Benedict IX in March, 1038. In the same year Heribert introduced the famous carroccio as the military insignia of Milan. It was afterwards accepted by the cities of Lombardy and Tuscany and by Rome. After the death of Con- rad II, Heribert made peace with the new emperor, Henry III, at Ingelheim in 1040.

P.\B8T. De Ariherlo II Medial, primvtque medii (Fvi motibua popularibus (Berlin, 1S64); Archirio Morieo Lombardo, Anno jCXIX. See also the biographical sketches of Heribert by Anno.vi (Milan, 1872) and by Bonfadini (Milan. 1S83).

Michael Ott.

Heriger of Lobbes, medieval theologian and his- torian; b. about 925; d. 31 October, 1007. After studying at the cathedral school of Liege, he became a Benedictine monk at the monastery of Lobbes,