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HENRY

monasteries of the order, where he studied succes- sively philosophy and theology under the most eminent professors. During his studies he mani- fested a marked aptitude and taste for historical research; and, while yet a student, published his first work, the "History of the Monastery of MejTa". Having completed his studies, he returned to Huerta. During this time his parents had left Spain to take up their residence at the court of the Archduke Albert, Governor of Flanders, and at their request this prince WTOte to the general of the Cistercian Congregation of Spain to ask that Henriquez be sent to the Low Coun- tries. The general acceded to this petition, and Hen- riquez left Spain never to see it again.

He now received from his superiors the command to write the history of the Cistercian Order, ^\■ith this end in vievr, heVisited the various Flemish monas- teries, especially those of Aulnes, of \"illers, and of Dunes — then the most flourishing in all Europe — consulting their libraries, studying their archives, and seekmg all the information obtainable for the reaUzation of his great project ; everj'where he received cordial co-operation, his amiable character having won the s\-mpath}' and goodwill of all. A complete list of all Ills works cannot be given within the limits of this article. From 1619 until 1632 he published upwards of forty separate works in Latin, Spanish, and Flemish, chief among them being "Thesaurus Evangelicus vel Relatio lUustrium Virorum Ordinis Cisterciensis in Hibernia", which was among his earhest works; "Sol Cisterciensis in Belgio", or "History of men remarkable for their virtues and miracles of the Abbey of Villers, so fruitful in saints" ; "Fasciculus SS. O. C", where he recounts the lives of the patriarchs, prelates, abbots, defenders of the Faith, and martyrs of the order, and also speaks of the origin of the military orders; "Coronise Sacrae O. C", in which he gives the lives of queens and prin- cesses who had renounced the world in order to be clothed with the Cistercian habit. In his ' ' Bernardus Immaculatus" he explains and justifies the opinion of St. Bernard concerning the Immaculate Conception, the sanctification of St. John the Baptist, and the beatitude of the elect before the general resurrection. In "Phceni.x Reviviscens" he gives interesting notices of ancient Cistercian authors in England and rnodern ones of Spain. It is in this work also that he gives us a short autobiographical sketch. His "Menologium Cisterciense" (2 vols., folio) was his principal work; in the first volume he gives the lives of Cistercians notable for their sanctity, while the second volume contains the rule, the constitutions, and privileges of the order, with a history of the founding of thernilitary orders thereunto attached. It was through him, too, that portraits were engraved of very many of the beatified and other illustrious memljers of the Cister- cian Order, for the honour and glory of which he never ceased to labour during his all too brief life.

All his works are written in a stj-le at once elegant and concise, and manifest a profound erudition; nevertheless, they are not wholly without fault. Claude Chalemot, Cistercian Abbot of La Colombe (France), an esteemed historian, reproaches him with ha%'ing omitted many saints of the order, and of having in- serted persons in his menology who have no right to be there, either because they did not merit it or be- cause they were never clothed with the Cistercian habit. Another fault is that he does not always give the dates with exactitude. He was, however, an exemplarj' religious from everj' point of view, his knowledge was only equalled by his humility, and his submission to his superiors was unqualified, while his agreeable demeanour gained for liim the affection of all. His superiors were lavish in bestowing on liim marks of esteem and honourable titles. He was appointed successively historian of the Spanish Con- gregation of the Cistercian Order, afterwards vicar-

general of the same congregation, and finally Grand Prior of the Military Order of Calatrava.

De \'isch, Bibliolheca Scriplorum S.O.Cist. (Cologne. 1656); Chalemot, Series Sanctorum et Betitorum illuairium Virorum S.OC. (Paris, 1670); HcRTEit, Nomendator.

Edmond Obrecht.

Henriquez, Enrique, a noted Jesuit theologian, b. at Oporto. 1536; d. at Tivoli, 28 Januarj-, 1608. At the age of sixteen, in 1552, he entered the Society of Jesus, and soon became celebrated for his philo- sophical and theological erudition. He taught both these branches in the Jesuit colleges of Cordova and Salamanca; in the latter place he numbered Suarez and Gregory of Valencia among bis pupils. In 1593 he left the Society of Jesus and entered the Order of St. Dominic, but soon returned to his former compan- ions. Father Alcazar (Hist. Prov. Tolet., I, 204) gives the following account of this incident. After Henriquez had printed in the preface of one of his theological works some passages not approved of by the "censors", Father Aqua viva ordered him to tear out the page containing these paragraphs. Henri- quez felt so disturbed over this punishment that he obtained permission from the holy father to leave the society and enter the Dominican Order. It was Gregory of Valencia who advised him to return to his former associates. Father Henriquez is especially noted for two theological works: (1) The first part of his "Theologise Moralis Summa" was published at Salamanca in 1591, the second in 1593; the work appeared again at Venice, in 1597, and 1600; at Mentz, in 1613. under the title "Summ^ Theologite Moralis libri XV", etc. It was forbidden by decree of 7 Aug., 1603, donee corrigatiir, because the author allowed confession (but not absoUilion) by way of letter, and held opinions too unfavourable to the rights of the Church. In his "Summa" Henriquez treats only of the end of man, of the sacraments, and of ecclesiastical censures and irregularities; but he manages to find an opportunity of declaring himself against Molina's scientia media; he defends the Dominican theorj' of physical predetermination, and of a predestination antecedent to the Divine foresight of our future merits. St. Alphonsus highly esteems the authority of Henri- quez on moral questions, an opinion fullj' shared by Doujat in his " Pra-not. canon.", V, xv. (2) Henri- quez's second work is entitled " De pontificis romani clave, libri IV". It was published at Salamanca in 1593, but nearly all its copies were burnt by the Apostolic nuncio of Madrid on account of its allowing the king too much power over ecclesiastics. It is said that only three or four copies have been preserved among the rarities of the Escorial. The subjects treated by Henriquez in his second work are: the power and election of the Roman pontiff; the censures reserved to the Roman pontiff; the authority of the councils; the question of law. The rarity of Father Henriquez's second work is the reason why some bibliographers consider its treatises as part of his "Theologis Moralis Summa".

Hl'RTER, Nomertclator; SoMMERVOGEL. Bihl. de la C fie J., IV (Brussels and Paris, 1893),275sq.; MoRGoxrin Kirchenlex., s. V.

A. J. Maas.

Henry II, King of England, b. 11.33; d. 6 July, 1 189 : was in his earlier life commonly known as Henry Fitz-Empress from the fact that his mother Matilda, daughter of Henry I, was first married to the Emperor Henry V. Henry himself, however, was the son of her second husljand, Geoffrey Plantagenet, and in- herited from him the three important fiefs of Anjou, Touraine, and Maine. Soon after his birth the Eng- lish Witan were made to swear fealty to the infant prince as heir to the throne of England, but when Henry I died, in 1135, both Norman and English bar- ons, who greatly disliked Geoffrey Plantagenet, lent their support to the rival claimant, Stephen of Blois.