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herd from Oporto (PortuRal) who said that she had received it from Christ Himself. She was a mem- ber of the Droste-zu-Vischering family, and known in religion as Sister Mary of the Divine Heart. She died on the feast of the Sacred Heart, two days before the consecration, which had been deferred to the following Sunday. Whilst alluding to these great public manifestations we must not omit referring to the intimate life of the devotion in souls, to the prac- tices connected with it, and to the works and asso- ciations of which it was the very life. Moreover, we must not overlook the social character which it has assumed, particularly of late years. The Catholics of France, especially, cling firmly to it as one of their strongest hopes of ennoblement and salvation.

For the history of the devotion see Bainvel, op. cit., pt. Ill, 204-365. The previously mentioned works of Gallifet, Nil- LES, TiTOMAS, Rix, contain valuable information, and Nille.s gives official documents. Granger, Les archives de la devotion au SacTi Caeur de Jesus et au Saint Cceur de Marie (3 vol« 12mo, Paris, 1S92, 1893) ; Yenveux, Le Rigne du Ca:ur de Jisils, ou la doctrine eompUte de la B. Marguerite Marie sur la devotion auSacre Cceur (5 vols., 12mo; 2nd ed., Paris. 1900); de Fran- ciosi, Le Sacre Cceur de Jesus el la tradition. Documents recueillis Chez lea Peres, les Docteurs, les Hagiographes, etc. (Toumai 190S); Ddfau, Trisor du Sacre Ca:ur de Jesus, ou Recueil deitraits de VEcriture des Saints Pc-res, etc., disposes en ordre alphabeltque (8 vols., 8vo. Brus.sels. 1S70-1S72)- Letiebce Etude sur le Sacre Caeur (Paris, 1890, 1891); Idem, Le Sacr'e Cceur, ses apdtres et ses sanctnaires (Nancy, 1886).

Jean Bainvel.

Heart of Mary, Congregation.s of the. — I. Sisters of the Holy Heart op Mary, founded in 1842 at Nancy, by Mgr Menjaud, Bishop of Nancy and Toul, for the purpose of instructing young girls in various trades, and protecting their virtue. The statutes, drawn up by the Abb(5 Masson, provide that the congregation shall own nothing but the houses which they occupy: that everything over and above shall go to the maintenance of poor children and the decoration of altars. The devotion of I'erpetual Adoration was instituted in the mother-house.

II. SisTh;R!;-SERVANTS OP the Holy He.\ht op Mary, foui.ded at Paris, in 1860, by Pere Delaplace, and Marie-Jeanne MoLsan, for the Christian education of children, and the visitation and care of the sick in hospitals and in their own homes. This congregation is particularly flourishing in Canada, where about 140 sisters have charge of about 2.500 children. There are six communities in the United States.

III. Daughters of the Holy He.art of Mary founded by Mgr Kobes, at Dakar, Senegambia, 24 May, 1858, for native women. In touch as they are with the custom,? and dialects of their country, they render invaluable services in teaching, visiting various mission stations, caring for the sick, and preparing catechumens for baptism. Their immunity from yellow fever enables them to care for the Europeans stricken during epidemics. In the Vicariate of Sene- gambia are sLx communities with about forty sisters.

IV. Congregation of the Holy and Im.maculate Heart of Mary, founded, at the desire of the Synod of Pondicherry, by Pere Dupuis for the Christian education of young Indian girls. The native prej- udice against the education of their women was gradually overcome and the congregation now counts over 200 religious, in charge of orphanages, pharmacies, and schools. Most of the sisters have government certificates of proficiency in the various grades.

V. Sisters of the Holy and Immaculate Heart op Mary, founded in July, 1848, at Pico Heights Los Angeles, California, U. S. A. In the Diocese of Mon- terey and Los Angeles the sisters number about 110 and have charge of about 700 children and 60 orphans' m 1 college, 5 academies, and 1 orphan asylum. '

VI. Daughters of the Immaculate Heart op Mary, the name taken by an association of ladies in charge of the home for incurables at Rennes, on their organization into a religious community in 1841. The home had been in existence since 1700, had with-

stood the rigours of the Revolution, and had never been without a band of devoted women, bound only by the ties of charity, and tacitly rendering obedience to the oldest of their number.

VII. Sister-Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, founded at Quebec in 1859 by Mgr Tur- geon, Ai-chbishop of Quebec, and Mme Marie Roy, in religion Sister Marie du Sacr^-Coeur (d. 1885), to shelter penitent girls, and provide Christian educa- tion for children. The congregation now numbers about 400 members in the United States and Canada in charge of 26 establishments, 152 penitents, and about 5500 children.

VIII. SistersServants op the Immaculate Heart OP Mary, founded at Monroe, Michigan, U. S. A., 28 November, 1S45, by the Rev. Louis Gillet, C.SS.R., for the work of teaching In 1856 an independent mother-house was established at Villa Maria, West- chester County, Penn.sylvania, and later a third at Scranton, Pennsylvania. The members of this con- gregation are in charge of academies, normal schools, parochial schools, and asylums in eleven dioceses, and number about 1200 sisters.

IX. Missionary Sons op the Immaculate Heart OP Mary, founded at Vich, Spain, in 1848, by Vener- able Antonio Maria Claret (d. 1870). They have charge of a mission on the Fernando Po, and are also stationed at Corisco and Annabon in Western Africa.

X. Congreg.ation op the Immaculate Heart of Mary, also called the Congregation op Scheutveld, founded in 1S63 by Ven. Theophile Verbiest (d. 1865), a former military chaplain, for mission work in heathen countries. Father Verbiest's desire to consecrate himself to the life of a missionary seemed on the point of fulfilment when the Treaty of Peking (1861) opened China to his zeal and that of the httle band who de- sired to accompany him. On seeking ecclesiastical permission, however, they were commissioned by Cardinal Barbaro, Prefect of the Propaganda, to begin their ^vork by foundling a seminary in Belgium to sup- ply priests for foreign missions, and laid the founda- tions of the Scheutveld College, 28 April, 1863, in the Field of Scheut, a short distance from Brussels. In September, 1863, missionaries set forth for Mongolia. The Scheutveld priests have faced severe perils, as, for instance, the Boxer rebellion in China, involving the massacre of Bishop Hanier, Vicar Apostolic of South- western Mongolia, seven missionaries, antl 3000 Cliris- tians; the even greater decimation of their numbers by the Congo climate, not to mention the persecution of the missionaries and the negro colonies established by them. The congregation now numbers over 300 members in charge of the Vicariates Apostolic of Cen- tral, Eastern, and South-Western Mongolia, and in China the Vicariate of Northern Kan-su and the Pre- fecture Apostolic of Southern Kan-su, where in all about 155 Fathers have charge of about 51,600 Catholics, 20,000 catechumens, 250 churches and chapels, and 263 schools, with an attendance of 6000; in Africa, in the Vicariate Apostolic of Belgian Congo and the Pre- fecture of Upper Kassai, 52 priests and 20 lay brothers are over about 15,000 Catholics, 29,300 catechumens, 38 churches and chapels, and 28 schools, attended by 2300 children. In connexion with their missions the Fathers have opened a number of benevolent institu- tions, for example the hospital at St-Trudhon, LTpper Kassai, for those afflicted with sleeping sickness. Their activity in ransoming and educating negro chil- dren is reaping a rich harvest. The organ of the con- gregation is "Missions en Chine et au Congo".

XI. Sisters of the Most Pure Heart op Mary founded at Vienna, in 1843, by Barbara Maix (d! 187.3), and in 1848 established in Brazil, where, in addition to the mother-house at Porto Alegre, they have nine institutions, chiefly orphan asylums.'

XII. Sisters op the Sacred Heart of Mary, founded in 1848 by Jean Gailhac at B^ziers in the