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HAYMO

rope sundry times before he fell diiwne'', Haydock was alive when he was disembowelled. 80 was Hem- erford, who suffered second. The unknown eyewit- ness says, "when the tormentor did cutt off his members, he did cry ' Oh! A! '; I heard myself stand- ing under the gibbet". As for Fenn, "before the cart was driven away, he was stripped of all his apparell saving his shirt only, and presently after the cart was driven away his shirt was pulled of his back, so that he hung stark naked, whereat the people muttered greatly". He also was cut down alive, though one of the .sheriffs was for mercy. Nutter and Munden were the last to suffer. They made speeches and prayers similar to those uttered by their predeces.sors. Un- like them they were allowed to hang longer, if not till they were dead, at any rate until they were quite unconscious. Haydock was twenty-eight, Munden about forty, Fenn, a widower, with two children, was probably also about forty, Hemerford was probably about Haydock's age; Nutter's age is quite unknown.

GILLOW, Bibl.Dict. Eng. Cath., Ill, 202; cf. Ill, 265; V, 142, 201; Catholic Kecord Society, publications (London. 1905 — ), II, V, passim. III, 12-15; IV, 74; Foley. Records Eng. Prov. S. J., VI (London, 1S75-1SS3), 74. 103; Bkidgewater. Ciincerlatio Bcdesice Catholica (Trier, 16S8), passim; Waine- w kight in Catholic Truth Society's pamphlets: George Han- ilock: James Fenn; John Nuller: Two English Martyrs; Pollen, Alls of English Marlyrs (London, 1891 ), 252, 253, 304.

J. B. Wainewright.

Haydock, George Leo, priest and Biblical scholar; b. 11 April, 1774, at C'ottam, near Wood Plumpton, Lancashire; d. 29 November, 1849, at Penrith, Cum- berland. At an early age he was placed in a school kept by the Rev. Robert Banister at Mowbreck Hall, near Kirkham, and in 17S.5 entered the English Col- lege of Douai. In the beginning of the French Revo- lution he escaped from Douai, August, 1793, in com- pany with his brother Thomas and one of the minor professors. He stayed for a short while at Old Hall (-■reen, near Ware, Hertfordshire, but went to his home at the Tagg on 3 November, 1794, where he remained until January, 1796, when he rejoined some of his Douai companions in the college at Crook Hall, Durham. .'Vfter being ordained priest on 22 Septem- ber, 1798, he held the offices of general prefect and master of all the schools under poetry till 26 January, 1803, receiving £.5 (25 dollars) for his five years' work. Next he took charge of the poor mission at Ugthorpe, Yorkshire, and in July, 1S16, the mission of Whitby, whence he was removed on 22 September, 1830, to the mission at Westby Hall, Lancashire, ow- ing to a misunderstanding with his superiors. On 19 August, 1831, he was forbidden to say Mass by Bishop Penswick, w'hereupon he retired for the suc- ceeding eight years to the Tagg, devoting himself to study. In 1832 he twice appealed to the Propa- ganda, but both his letters were intercepted and sent to the bishop; after his third appeal in 1838, his faculties were restored on 18 November, 1839, and he was appointed to the mission at Penrith where he spent his last ten years. Father Haydock's chief publication was a new edition of the English trans- lation of the Latin Vulgate first published at Reims in 1582, and at Douai in 1609; Bishop Challoner's text of 1750 was the basis of the work, but in the New- Testament Dr. Troy's edition of 1794 is largely fol- lowed. The notes are partly original, partly selected from other writers, those on the New Testament not having been compiled by Father Haydock. The edition appeared in Manchester, 1812-4; Dublin, 1812-3; Edinburgh and Dublin, 1845-8; New York, 18.52-6; The other works published by Father Hay- dock are: "The Tree of Life: or the One Church of God from Adam until the 19th or 5Sth century" (Manchester, 1809); "Prayers before and after Mass proper for Country Congregations" (York, 1822); "A Key to the Roman Catholic Office" (Whitby, 182.3); "A Collection of Catholic Hymns" (York,

1823); "Method of Sanctifying the Sabbath Days" (York, 1824). Besides his published books. Father Haydock left a number of works in manuscript, five volumes of "Douay Dictates"; four volumes of "Psalms and Canticles in the Roman Office "; several volumes of "Biblical Disquisitions"; a treatise on ' ' The ^'a^ious Points of Difference between the Roman and the Anglo-Catholic Churches"; etc. The pecu- niary risks of the press deterred him from publishing these works.

GiLLow, Bibl. Diet, of Eng. Citth. (London and New York, 1S8S), 8. v.; Cooper in Diet. Sat. Biog., s. v.; see also Gillow, Haydock Papers; Cotton, Wiemea and Douay, 406; Whittle, Preston, II, 33G; Hardwick, Preston, 656; Sutton, Lancashire Authors. A. J. M.\AS.

Haymo (or Haimo), a Benedictine bishop of the ninth century; d. 26 March, 853. The exact date and place of his birth are unknown. When a youth, he entered the Order of St. Benedict at Fulda, where the celebrated Rabanus Maurus was one of his fellow- students. He went together with him to the Monas- tery of St. Martin at Tours to profit by the lessons of its great teacher, Alcuin. After a brief sojourn at Tours, both friends came back to the Benedictine house at Fulda, and spent there most of their life previous to their promotion to the episcopal dignity. Haymo became chancellor to the monastery, as is proved by his records of its transactions, which are still extant. It is indeed probable that owing to his great learning he was also entrusted with the teaching of theology in the same monaster}'; yet there is no positive proof that such was actually the case. He had been living for only a short while in the Benedic- tine monastery at Hersfeld, perhaps as its abbot, when in the last weeks of 840 he was nominated to the Bishopric of Halberstadt. Hearing of Hajino's pro- motion, Rabanus Maurus, his old friend, gave hira at great length — in a work entitled " De Univenso" and divided into 22 books — advice that would help him in the discharge of the episcopal office. And it is in compliance with Rabanus's suggestions, that Haymo stood aloof from the Court of King Louis the German, did not entangle himself in the affairs of the State, preached often, and lived solely for the welfare of his diocese. The only public assembly which he attended was the Council of Mainz, held in 847 for the main- tenance of the ecclesiastical rights and immunities.

Although a certain number of works have been wrongly ascribed to Ha;^o of Halberstadt, there is no doubt that he w'as a prolific writer. Most of his genuine works are commentaries on Holy Writ, the following of which have been printed: "In Psalmos explana- tio"; "In Lsaiam libri tres"; " In XII Prophetas"j "In Epistolas Pauli omnes"; "In Apocalypsim libri septem". As might be naturally expected from the exegetical methods of his day, HajTno is not an origi- nal commentator; he simply repeats or abridges the Scriptural explanations which he finds in patristic writings. As a pious monk, and a faithful observer of Rabanus's recommendations, he sets forth almost exclusively the moral and mystical senses of the sacred text. He is also the author of a rather elegant "Epitome" of Eusebius's "Ecclesiastical History", of a large nimiber of Sermons, and of a spiritual work, "De amore ccelestis patriie". An extant passage from his writings, relating to the Holy Eucharist, shows that there is no substantial difference between his belief with regard to the Real Presence, and that of the other Catholic theologians. His works are con- tained in vols, c.xvi-cxviii of Migne, Patr. Lat.

Ellies Dl-pin, Bibliothhque EceUsiastique (2nd ed., Paris, 1697); Antonios, Exercitatio de Vila et Doctrind Haymonis (Halle, 1704); Mabillon, Acta SS. 0. S.B. (2nd ed., Venice, 17331; Annales O. S.B. (Lucca, 1739); Derlino, DeHayrnone Commentatio hisiorica (Helmstndt, 1747); FABRlcirs, Biblio- theca Latina mediae et infinKF /Elatis (Florence, 1S5S); Ceillier, Ifiatoire Generate des Auleurs Sacris et Ecclesiastiques (Paris, 1862). ^

Francis E. Gigot.