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by the first bishop, Tres-Palacios, and adorned with much magnificence by Espada y Landa. The high altar of Carrara marble is the work of Banchini.

The diocese has been governed successively by Don Ramon Fernandez Pierola from 1880 to 1886; Don Manuel Santaiider y Frutos from 1887 to 1900, when he resigned. From 1900 to 1901 the administration was inthe handsof Monsignor Donato Sbarretti y Tazza. Among the diocesan publications are " La Verdad Ca- tolica" (1858) ; "El Eco de San Francisco" (1883) ; "La Revista CatoHca" (1876); the " Boletin Eclesiastico " (1880). Ecclesiastical discipline has been regulated throughout the various periods since the erection of the bishopric by the synodal decrees made in 1082 by Don Juan Garcia de Palacios, Bishop of Santiago, which were later reprinted and annotated by Espada y Landa (1814), and again, in 1844, by Fray Ramon C'asaus y Torres. In 1888-89 a synod was held by Don Manuel Santander y Frutos, and its enactments are still in force. Pope Leo XIII by the Brief "Actum Frse- elare" of 20 February, 1903, subdivided the Diocese of Havana into those of Pinar del Rio and Cienfuegos. Don Pedro Gonzalez Estrada, who at present (1909) governs the latter diocese, is the first bishop since the partition, which came into effect 5 April, 1903, under the administration of Monsignor Placide Louis Cha- pelle. Archbishop of New Orleans, acting as Delegate Apostolic Extraordinary for the Islands of Cuba and Porto Rico.

DE .'\erate. La Habana Dcscripla (Havana, 1876); Valdes, liistoruL de la Ma de Cuba, y en efipecial de la Habana (Havana, 1S77); DE LA Pezuei.a, Diccionario Geog. Estad, Hist, de la Isla deCuba (Madrid, 1S63-66) : San Pedro, Legislaeiun Utlrarnarina (Madrid, 1866); La Verdad Cab'tica (Habana), current volumes to 1S64; lievista de Cuba (1882), XI; RoSAlNZ, Necnipolis de la Habana (Havana, 1S75); Calcagno, Diccianario Biognifko Cuhano (New Yorli, 1878); Rodriguez, Vida del Presbilero D, Felix Varela (New York, 1878); Vines, Apuntes Telativos a las Huracanes de las Aniillas (Havana, 1.S77); Album commemora- tivodel Quincuagesimn delColegioile Belcn (Havana. 1904); Quin- cuagesimo Anivetsario de la Inslalacitm en In Habana de la So- ciedad de S. Vicente de Paul (Havana. 1908); Trelles, Ensayo di Bibliografia Cubana (Matanzas, 1907); a supplement to the last-mentioned was published in 1908.

Juan Alvarez.

Havestadt, Bernhard, a German Jesuit; b. at Cologne, 27 February, 1714; died at Mtin.ster after 1778. He entered the Lower-Rhenish province of the order on 20 October. 1732, and in 1746 went to Chile. He was one of the 102 German Jesuits who laboured on the Chilian mission between 1720-67, and in the twenty years of his sojourn in the coimtry, spent mostly among the Araucanian Indians, he displayed remarkable energy and ability. With his splendid linguistic gifts, knowing more or less perfectly nine languages, he took up with enthusiasm the study of Chilidugu, which, in his opinion, "towered over all other languages as the Andes over all other moun- tains". The result of these studies appeared in a work of great linguistic importance: "Chilidugu, sive Res Chilenses, vel descriptio status tum naturalis, turn civilis, cum moralis regni populique Chilensis, in.serta suis locis perfectie ad Chilensem linguam nianuduc- tioni etc." (3 vols., Mtinster, 1777). This work was written in Germany after the expulsion of the Jesuits from the Spanish colonies; it had been originally composed in Spanish, and was now i.ssued in Latin. Besides a grammar and dictionary, it includes copious specimens of the native Chilian tongue, hymns, and valuable ethnographic notes, etc. The \iork was re- issued in two volumes by the well-known Ameri- canist, Dr. Julius Platzmann (Leipzig, 1883), under its original title, "Chilidugu sive tractatus lingUEE Chilensis" (see Zarncke, "Literar. Centralblatt" 1883, col. 69.3).

HnoNDER. Deutsche Jesuitenmissionare (Freiburg im Br, 1.S99), 1.33: VON Murr. Journal (Nuremberg. 1776-90), I, 122 sqq.; Idem. Narhrielilrn nun versrhiedcnen. tandem des span- l.ic/trnAnieril.-a,n (Hnllo. ISIO). 431sqq.; Adeldnp, and Vater, Milhridates (Berlin, 1SU6-17), III, 2, 404: Enrich, Hist, de la Vomp. de Jiisus en Chile, n (Barcelona, 1891), 213, 294, 362, and

elsewhere: Zwolf Missinnspredigten. . . durch den Wohlehrw. Hcrm Bernhard Havestadt, ehemaligcn Misxionarium aus der Gesell. .Fesu (Cologne, 1778), which contains some biographical information. 3^^ HuONDER.

Hawaii. See Sandwich Islands, Vicariate Apostolic of the.

Hawarden (Harden), Edward, theologian and controversialist, b. in Lancashire, England, 9 April, 1662; d. in London, 23 April, 1735. The loyalty to the Faith that came to be a heritage among the Ha- wardens is testified by their maintenance of domestic chapels in their residences in Appleton and Widnes throughout the period of persecution, as well as the frequent appearance of the name on the list of non- jurors and the recusant-rolls. Edward, after a brilliant course at the English College, Douai, re- mained there as a clas.sical tutor, and after his ordina- tion (7 June, 1686), as professor of philosophy. In 1688, having taken the bachelor's degree at the Uni- versity of Douai, he spent two months as tutor of divinity at Magdalen College, Oxford, which James II purposed making a seat of Catholic education, but the impending revolution forced him to return to Douai, where he soon proceeded D. D. and was installed in the chair of divinity. In 1702 he was persuaded by the all but unanimous desire of the secular and ecclesias- tical authorities of Douai to take part in the concur- rence for one of the royal chairs of divinity in the university, but the influence of a hostile minority secured the installation of another candidate by mandatory letters from the court. Shortly after- wards complaints were lodged at Rome that the Douai professors, Dr. Hawarden in particular, were propagating the errors of Jansenism, but official in- vestigation completely exonerated all.

In 1707 Hawariien left Douai to take charge of the mission of Gilligate, Durham, and later Aldcliffe Hall, near Lancaster. The quaint brief entries in the Tyldesley Diary give an idea of his daily life until the seizure of Aldcliffe Hall in 1717, after which he re- moved to London, proliably on his appointment as controversy - writer. Dr. Hawartlen recei\ed the thanks of the LTniversity of Oxford for his able de- fence of the Blessed Trinity in the famous conference with Dr. Samuel Clarke (1719). Among his works are: "The True Church of Christ, shewed by Concurrent Testimonies of Scripture and Primitive Tradition" (London, 1714); "The Rule of Faith truly stated in a new and easy Method" (London, 1721); "Charity and Truth or Catholicks not uncharitable in saying that none are sav'd out of the Catholick Communion, because the Rule is not Universal " (Brussels, 1728) ; "An Answer to Dr. Clarke and Mr. Whiston concern- ing the Divinity of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit " (London, 1729) ; a collective edition of his works was published at Dublin in 1808.

Sutton in Diet. Nat. Biog..s. v.; Gillow, Bibt. Diet. Eng. Calh., a. v.: Tyldesleii Diary, ed. Gillow and Hewitson (Pres- ton, 1873); Douay Diaries, ed. Knox (1878).

F. M. RUDGE.

Hawes, Stephen, poet; b. in Suffolk about 1474; d. about 1523. Very little is known of his life. He was educated at Oxford, and afterwards travelled and visited some foreign universities. He seems to have studied English literature as well as foreign languages, and on his return fi-om abroad became groom of "the chamber to Henry VII. According to Anthony a Wood's account, he was noted for his wit and his great memory, being able to repeat by heart many of the English poets, especially Chaucer and Lydgate. While attached to the court lie wrote, about 1506, his best- known poem, "The Passetyme of Pleasure", which went through several editions during the next half century. It is an allegory written, with the exception of a few heroic couplets, in the seven-line stanza known as rime royal, and consists of nearly six