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 HASAK

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HASPINGER

life was comparatively uneventful. Tlie death of his liege lord, whom he mourns in tender verses, was the occasion of his joining a crusade, whether that of 1 197, or the earlier one of 1189, is uncertain. He must have died shortly after 1210, for Gottfried von Strasburg in his "Tristan", composed about that year, speaks of him as still living, while Heinrich von dem Turlin in his "Krone", written between 1215 and 1220, men- tions him as one deceased. Hartmann is the author of a number of lyric poems in the fashion of the age, dealing largely with Minne or love. More original than these Minnesongs are his crusading lyrics. He also wrote two buchelin poetic epistles of an ama- tory, nature; but his authorsliip of the second of these epistles is disputed. His fame rests on his four epics, " Erec", " Iwein", " Gregorius", and " Der arme Hein- rich" (Poor Henry).

The "Erec", Hartmann's earliest work, composed about 1192, marks the introduction of the Arthurian romances into German literature. It was modelled on the French poem of Chrestien de Troyes, but con- siderably amplified and otherwise altered. Its funda- mental motif is the conflict between Minne and knightly honour. Erec neglects his knightly duties in his devotion to his lovely bride Enite; when re- proached by her, he makes her accompany him on an expedition which restores his tarnished prestige, but in the course of which Enite suffers the harshest treat- ment. In the end the lovers are reconciled. In the "Iwein", based on Chrestien's "Chevalier au Lion", the same motif is utilized, but here the hero, having neglected his wife for knightly adventures, is rejected by her and goes insane. After passing through many ordeals he regains her favour. In this poem the court epic is shown in its classic form. Less preten- tious are the legendary epics. "Gregorius", based on a French [loem of unknown authorship, is the story of a medieval ffidipus, who unwittingly marries his own mother, but atones for his enormities by most rigorous penance, and in the end is esteemed a saint and elected pope. "Der arme Heinrich" is a charm- ing xaie of womanly devotion. A poor maid offers herself as a sacrifice that her lord, who is smitten with leprosy, may be healed. But at the last moment the knight refuses the sacrifice; as a reward he is miracu- lously restored to health and the maiden becomes his wife. For this work the poet used a written source, probably a Latin chronicle, of which however nothing definite is known.

Hartmann was the favourite poet of courtly circles, whose ideals are most perfectly reflected in his works. The faultless form and polished diction of his epics made them the classic models for subsequent poets. A complete edition of Hartmann's works is that of Fedor Bech (2nd ed., 3 vols.) in " Deutsche Klassiker des Mittelalters", edited by Pfeiffer, IV-VI (Leipzig, 1887-1893). Selections were edited by P. Piper in Kiirschner's " Deutsche National Litteratur". There is a separate edition of " Erec " by M. Haupt (2nd ed., Leipzig, 1871); of "Iwein" by Emil Henrici (Halle, 1891-9.3); of "Gregorius" by H. Paul (Halle, 187.3); of "Der arme Heinrich" by H. Paul (3rd ed., Halle, 1904). Translations of the last-mentioned work into modern German were made by Simrock (2nd ed., Heilbronn, 1874), Botticher (Halle, 1891), and Leger- lotz (Bielefeld, 1904).

See the introductions to the editions above mentioned: also ScHONBACH. Ueber H. von Aue (Graz, 1894); Piquet, Etude sur H. d'Aue (Paris. 1S98).

Ahthub F. J. Remy.

Hasak, Vincenz, historian, b. at Neustadt, near Friedland, Bohemia, 18 July, 1812; d. 1 September, 1889, as dean of Weisskirchlitz, near Teplitz. After completing his classical and theological studies at Leitmeritz, he became chaplain at Arnsdorf, a post he held for eighteen years. Thenceforth to his death he was pastor at Weisskirchlitz. While chaplain, he be-

gan to collect old lio(jks, paintings, and copper-plate engravings, also gems and shells. He succeeded in collecting a small but valuable museum, that excited the astonishment of all connoisseurs for the treasures it contained. His library attained to especial celebrity because of the copious collection of rare early printed books, e. g. the ten pre-Reformation German transla- tions of the Bible. He also made a scientific use of his treasures, and wrote several books about them, nota- ble contributions in his day to the knowledge of medie- val German religious hfe and the German language. Especially worthy of mention are: "Der christhche Glaube des deutschen Volkes beim Schluss des Mittel- alters' ' (Rati-sbon, 1868), a very valuable and authorita- tive work, treating of ninety-three printed books and manuscripts; " Dr. M. Luther und die religiose Litera- tur seiner Zeit bis zum Jahre 1520" (Ratisbon, 1881), a documentary description of the religious and moral conditions of the Middle Ages; also: "Die Himmel- strasse" (Ratisbon, 18S2); and "Die letzte Rose, oder Erkliirung des Vater Unser nach Markus von Weida" (Ratisbon, 1883); "Ein Vergissmeinnicht, oder Von der heiligen Messe" (Ratisbon, 1884); finally, " Herbstblumen, oder christlicher Volksunter- richt in der vorreformatorischen Zeit" (Ratisbon, 1885).

Hislorisch-politisclie BlfUler, LXXXIX (1882), 645.

Patricius Schlager.

Haschka, L(jrenz Leopold, the poet-author of the Austrian national anthem; b. at Vienna, 1 Sept., 1749; d. there, 3 Aug., 1827; was in his youth a mem- ber of the Society of Jesus. On the suppression of the Society (1773) he devoted himself, in secular life, to poetry; this was now to become his vocation and his means of livelihood. His pupil, the wealthy Johann V. Alxinger, the most distinguished of Wieland's imi- tators, came to the assistance of the poor instructor. Haschka also found aid in the home of the poetess, Karoline Pichler. LTnf ortunately, the ex-Jesuit, under the influence of Josephinism, renounced for a time his principles: he became a freemason and wrote venomous odes against the papacy, during the pres- ence of Pius VI in Vienna, as well as against the religious orders. He returned, however, to his Catho- lic sentiments after the death of Joseph II, and was selected to compose a national anthem, which was first sung on 12 February, 1797, at the celebration of Emperor Francis's birthday. Haschka was given a position as assistant in the library of the university of Vienna and was made instructor in sesthetics in the newly founded Theresianum. He retired in 1824. As a poet, he belongs to the group of poet-musicians. GuGiTZ, Gritlparzer Jahrbuch, 1907. 32-127 (really a biog- raphy): Nagel and Zeidler. Deutsch-Oestcrr. Literaturaesch., last volume, p. 331, 336; Sommervogel, Bihliotheque dela C.deJ.

N. SCHEID.

Haspinger, Joh.vnn Simox (Joachim), Tyrolese priest and patriot; b. at Gries, TjtoI, 28 October, 1776; d. in the imperial palace of Mirabell, Salzburg, 12 January, 1858. His parents were well-to-do coun- try people, and destined their son for the priesthood. It was, however, only in 1793, after having devoted himself until his seventeenth year to farm work and mountain-climbing, that he entered the gjinnasium at Bozen. While yet a mere youth, he found occasion to give proof of his intrepidity. In 1796 he joined a troop of volunteer marksmen, intended to assist the regular troops in defending their native soil against the army of the French Revolution, and, by capturing one of the enemy's officers, won the medal for bravery. He also took an active part in the engagements near Spinges in 1797, in consequence of which General Joubert was compelled to retire from the Pusterthal. Young Haspinger then resumed his studies and in 1799 attended for some time the University of Inns- bruck. The almost immediate renewal of hostilities,