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HARTMANN

tions. The new bishop felt the need of a preparatory college for boys destined for the priesthood, and pro- ceeded to erect one in his episcopal city. The founda- tion flourished, and before his death, that is, during the first decade of its existence, St. Thomas's Semi- nary could boast of 100 students. Other charitable works established under Bishop Tierne}''s inspiration are St. Mary's Home for the Aged, St. John's In- dustrial School, the hospitals at Hartford, New Haven, Bridgeport, Waterbury, Willimantic, and the numer- ous charitable enterprises conducted by the Sisters of the Holy Ghost and the Little Sisters of the Poor. Bishop Tierney was a man of tireless activity. He multiplied himself, visiting every parish and every school-room in his diocese at least once a year. Dur- ing his episcopate he confirmed 85,000 children and administered to every one of them the total-absti- nence pledge. He was a patron of literature and established a diocesan missionary band to preach retreats to Catholics and non-Catholics. He died on 5 Oct., 1908, universally mourned.

Present Condition of the Diocese. — Within the limits of the State of Connecticut there are now at least 375,000 Catholics. They are ministered to by 3.50 priests. The number of parishes in the dioce.se (9 July, 1909) is 173; of these 121 are English-speak- ing churches, 13 French, 6 German, 8 Italian, 13 Polish, 4 Lithuanian, 2 Hungarian, 2 Slavonian, and 4 Ruthenian. There are 1250 religious women in the diocese. The religious orders of men represented are the Dominican Friars at New Haven, Franciscan Friars Minor at Winsted, Franciscan Conventuals at Bridgeport, Jesuits at South Norwalk, Missionaries of La Salette at Hartford and Danielson, Fathers of the Congregation of St. Charles at New Haven and Bridge- port, Vincentian Fathers at Derby and New Haven, Fathers of the Holy Ghost at Darien. The Brothers of the Christian Schools have a house at Hartford, and the Xaverian Brothers conduct an industrial school at Deep River. The Sisters of Mercy have 3 mother-houses in Connecticut ; that at Hartford has 440 sisters affiliated to it. They conduct a high school and an aca<lemy at Hartford, an academy at Putnam, and furnish the teaching staff for St. Francis Orphan Asylum at New Haven, for St. .Augustine's Preparatory School for Boys at West Hartford, and for 21 parochial schools throughout the diocese. A, second at Meriden numbers 133 sisters teaching 4100 children. The sisters of this community conduct an academy for young ladies at Milford. The third mother-house is situated at Middletown. It has 90 sisters who are responsible for the education of 2100 children. The Sisters of the Congregation of Notre Dame conduct an academy at \\'aterbury, the Sisters of St. Dominic at New Haven, and the Sisters of Charity at Baltic.

O'DoNNELL, History of the Catholic Church in New England (Boston. l.SGfl); Clarke, Deceased Bishops (Now "i'ork, 1872); Shea. The Cafhntic Church in the United States (Sew York, 1888); The Catholic Transcript (Hartford, t>)nn.); The Con- necticut Catholic Year Book (Hartford, Conn.).

T. S. DUGGAN.

Hartley, James J. See CoLtJMBtis, Diocese of.

Hartley, Willi.vm, Venerable, martyr; b. at Wyn, in Derbyshire, England, of a yeoman family about 1557; d. 5 October, 1.58S. At eighteen he matriculated at St. John's, Oxford, where he became a chaplain. Being ejected by the vice-chancellor, Toljie Mathew, in 1579, he went to Reims in .-August, was ordained at Chalons, and returned to England in Jtme, 1580. He was of great service to Fathers Per- sons and Campion in printing and distributing their books, but was eventually arrested, 13 August, 1.581, and sent to the JIarshalsea Prison, London. Here he was detected saying Mass in a cell before Lord Vaiix, and for this he was laid in irons (5 December, 1583). He was indicted for high treason, 7 February, 1584,

but, for some unknown reason, not tried. In January, 1585, he was sent into exile. He then spent some little time at Reims recovering his health, and made a pilgrimage to Rome (15 April, 1586) before returning to his perilous mission. In September, 1588, he was arrested in Holborn, London, and, as his friend Father Warford says, "being beset by the deceits of the heretics, incurred the suspicion of having apostatized. But the event showed how unjust that suspicion was; for when he suffered at Tyburn he won the greatest credit for constancy. He was a man of the meekest disposition and naturally virtuous, modest, and grave, with a sober and peaceful look. His beard was blackish and his height moderate" ("Acts of English Martyrs", cited below, 272).

The Armada year was for Catholics the time both of the worst bloodshed and of the greatest dearth of news, and this explains why we know but little of Hartley's companions. The first was a priest, the Venerable John Hewctt, son of a draper at York and a student at Caius College, Cambridge. He had once been in a York prison, but was arrested in (Iray's Inn Lane, London, 10 March, 1587, going under the name of Weldon, and died under that name; this has led several early martyrologists into the curious mistake of making him into two martyrs, Hewett dying at York, and Weldon in London. Hartley's second companion was the Venerable Robert Sutton, lay- man, a tutor or schoolmaster, born at Kegworth in Leicestershire, who had practised his profession in Paternoster Row, London. The fourth was John Harrison, alias Symons, who had carried letters from one priest to another. As he had before "been slan- dered to be a spy", we can guess why his fame suffered some obscurity. It is also hardly doulitful that his name, Harrison, was confounded with that of either Matthias or James Harrison, jiriests. who suffered martyrdom in 1.599 and 1002 respectively. This perhaps explains why his name has fallen out of the process of the English martyrs, and in its place we find inserted that of the Venerable Richard Williams, a "Queen Mary Priest", who really suffered four years later.

The Month, Jan^l.^^^^ 1879. 71-S.r,: Januan,'. 190.5, 19: Pollen, Acts of Entilisk Martyrs (Lonflon, 1.S91): Catholic Record Society (Lonrlon, 1906, 190S). II, V; Jeaffheson, Middlesex County Records {Ijondon, 18N6), I. 171,180; BoA.'tE, Oxford Registers (Oxford. ISS.i-.S9). II, ii, 68; Challoner, Memoirs, I; GiLLOw, Bihl. Did. Eng. Cath., s. v.

J. H. Pollen.

Hartmann, Georg, mechanician and physicist; b. at l>koltsheim, Bavaria, 9 Feb. 1489; d. at Nurem- berg. 9 April, 15(54. He studied theology- and mathe- matics, proliably with Glareanus and Melanchthon. After travelling in Italy he settled down in Nuremberg in 1518 as mechanician. There he constructed a great many globes, astrolabes, sundials, and similar instru- ments. To him is attributed the discovery, in 1544, of thj so-called dip or inclination of the magnetic needle. If a steel neeille is carefully balanced on a horizontal axis and is then magnetized, it will be found to take an inclined position, the angle of dip depending on the locality. Later he became vicar of St. Sebaldus's church in Nuremberg. He published a number of papers on astrological subjects.

Wolf, Geschichte der Astronomic (Munich. 1.S77).

WiLLIA.M Fox.

Hartmann von Auo, a Middle High German epic poet and nuiuiesinger; d. between 1210 and 1220. Little is known concerning his life; neither the place nor the date of his birth has been ascertained. He was a Swabian knight in the service of the Lords of Aue, and was exceptionally well-educated for a lay- man of his time, being able to read and to wrWe and possessing a knowledge of French and Latin, besides being well versed in the literature of his time. His