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 poraries — like Mme des Loges, who said that Harlay's brain was a hbrary upside-down, and Vigneul Mar- ville, who spoke of his "well of knowledge so deep that it was impossible to see a drop " — were com- pelled to recognize at least the prodigious erudition of this prelate.

(5) FRANfois DE Hahlay-Chanvallon, the nephew of the foregoing: b. 14 August, 162.5; d. at Conflans, 6 August, 169.5. From Abbot of Jumieges, he became .rchl)ishop of Rouen in 16.51. St. Vincent de Paul was unfavourable to this appointment, con- cerning which Anne of Austria had consulted him, but one day, when the saint was absent from the council, Hardouin de Perefixe, tutor of Louis XIV, put through the nomination. Desiring to play a political role, Harlay laboured to further the policy of Mazarin, and obtained from King Louis XIV Mazarin's recall from exile. In 1671 he became -Archbishop of Paris, and each week Louis XIV discussed with Harlay and Pere La Chaise the interests of the Church in Paris. In honour of Har- lay the Archdio- cese of Paris was made a ducal peer- age for liim and his successor. He possessed real tal- ent as an orator, and playeil an im- portant part in the assemblies of the clergy (see Assem- blies OF THE French Clergy), notably in the Assembly of 1682, at which his influence was supreme. It was at liis instigation that Le Tellicr, Archl)ishop of Reims, was entrusted with the report on the conflict be- tween the king and the pope concerning the mon- astery of Charonne, and decided that the pope should have secured information from the Archbishop of Paris. It was probably he who, early in 1685, blessed at Versailles the marriage of Louis XIV and Madame de Maintenon. During his episcopate, in 1683, the foundation-stone was laid of the Seminaire des Mis- sions Etrangcres. Under him appeared the "Synodi- con "Parisiense ", a collection of all the synods held by his predecessors, and it was at his command that the oratorian, Gerard Dubois, undertook to wTite the "Historia Ecclesise Parisicnsis ". The character of this prelate gave rise to much discussion, and unpleas- ant rumours were current concerning his death. "There are but two little trifles", wrote Mme de S^vigne, " which render praise of him difficult : his life and his death. " Harlay's opposition to Jansenism and his active share in the religious policy of Louis XIV against the Protestants may have excited the ill-will of his enemies. Nevertheless, despite the eulogy of the " Gallia Christiana ", Pere .Armand Jean, S. J., declares that "he administered his diocese with more show and cleverness than edification, that his attitude in the Assembly of 1682 was reprehensible, and that he was not less blameworthy in his private Ufe". For Arhille de Harlay see: De la Valleb. Eloge de M. de Harluy (Paris, 1624); Perren'S. VEglisc et I'Etat aouJi Henri IV el la Tcgence de Marie de Mcdicis (Paris, 1873). — For Achille de Harlay, Baron de Sancv: Batterel, Mcmoires domestiques pour 8ervir a ihistoire dc VOratoire, ed. Ingold and Bonnardet (Paris. 1902), I, 178 sq.; Flamant, Revue d'Histoire diplnmn- lique (1903). 533-40: Lavollee, Revue des etudes hisloriquen (1904), 449-77; de Mun, Revue des quent ions hisioriqueit, LXXIV (1903), 163-72. — For Francois de Harlay: Batiefol. Vne Teforme des Bcnediciins sous Louis XIII in Revuede Paris (1903), fR^flfCOfS det OrJrtJ ^ A, DF. H^KL.-IY lU FyttUr Ct Cfvnanjii^ V, 57-89. — For Francois tin Harby-Chanvallon; Legendrb, Vie de Harlay (Paris. 1720); Jean, Le« iviques et archeveQU€9 de France depms 1682 jusqu'cn 1801 (Paris. 1891). 2S.3-4. Georges Goyau. Harlez de Deulin, Charles-Joseph de, Belgian Orientalist, domestic prelate, canon of the cathedral of Liege, member of the Acad^mie Royale of Belgium; b. at Liege, 21 August, 18.32; d. at Louvain, 14 July, 1S99. The family of de Harlez was an old and noble family of Liege. On completing his ordinary college course de Harlez devoted himself to the study of law in the University of Liege. His success in legal studies was considerable, and a brilliant doctorate examina- tion brought his career at the law school to a close. His family connexions and his own ability gave promise of a bright future, but, growing dissatisfied with the law, de Harlez soon abandoned the legal profession altogether. He then took up the study of theology, and in 1.8.58 was ordained priest. After his ordination he was appointed director of the college of St-Quirin at Huy. In 1867 he was put in charge of a new arts' school which had been established for young ecclesi- astics in connexion with the University of Louvain. This position he held for four years. An old predi- lection for Oriental stuilies began then to make itself felt again in him. He was appointed to a professor- ship in the Oriental department of the L'niversity of Louvain in 1871 and devoted himself with intense energy to the study of the Zoroastrian Bil)le— the Zend-Avesta — of which he published an excellent translation (1875-77). Spiegel had already translated the Avesta into German and Antpiotil-Duperron had attempted a translation into I'>ench. The translation of de Har- lez was a considerable addition to Avesta exegesis, and the second edition of the work, which appeared in 1881, is still most useful to the student of Old Persian. In the seconri edition there is a preface of much value both for philology and history. The relations of the Rig-'eda to the . vesta were not yet fully untlerstood, and these relations de Harlez set him.self to determine accurately. He did much for the understanding of Zoroastrianism by emphasizing the differences, in spite of many apparent agreements, of the Rig-Veda and Avesta. His view met with much opposition, but at last some of his most brilliant opponents — for instance Darmesteter — came round to his point of view. The second edition of his translation of the Avesta is in many respects his most important work. In 1883 Mgr de Harlez turned to a new department — the language and literature of China. In this de- partment he was chiefly attracted by the problems of the ancient Chinese religion. He shows every- where in his works this same taste for the study of religious developments. To it ought probably to be traced the foundation of the " Mus<^on ". This journal, of which de Harlez was the chief foumler ami first chief editor, was intended to be devoted to the objec- tive study of history generally and of religious history in particular. It was founded in 1881, and many of the most important of its early articles were contrib- uted by de Harlez. Though he was editor of the "Museon" and still a keen student of Iranian and Chinese, de Harlez had time for other work. He was all the time professor of Sanskrit in the university and produced a Sanskrit manual for the use of his students. Another department with which tills un- tiring .student made himself familiar was Manchu literature; and in 1884 he published at Louvain a handbook of the Manchu language. Besides all this work he frequently contributed learned papers to various periodicals. His influence on the University of Louvain was immense, and under him the school of Oriental studies was most popular anrl flourishing. The actual position of de Harlez in the scientific world is best indicated by the "Melanges Charles de Harlez" (Leyden, 1S96), a collection of more than