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 HARKINS

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HARLAY

over the Hares, among whom he died, practically in the act of instructing them. Fathers Seguin and Petitot, of the same congregation, perfected his work, and the latter was the first minister of the Gospel to visit (1S66) their lands on Great Bear Lake, and take the glad tidings to the tribal division that lived on its shore. To-day the Hare Indians are almost all Catholics.

Petitot, Exploration du Grand Lac des Ours (Paris, 1893) ; Monographic des Drnc-Dindjic (Paris, 1S76)J Morice, The Great Dene Race (in course of puhlication, Vienna), and the works of the explorers, Franklin and Richardson.

A. G. Morice.

Harkins, Matthew. See Providence, Diocese

OF.

Harlay, Family of, an important family of parlia- mentarians and bishops, who deserve a place in reli- gious history.

(1) AcHiLLE DE H.\JRLAY, b. at Paris, 7 March, 1536; d. at Paris, 21 October, 1619. Councillor of the Par- leinent of Paris in 1.558, president to the Parlement in 1572, "first president" {premier president) in 1582, he was the typical Christian and Gallicau parliamen- tarian of the old regime. De la Vallee, his panegyrist, calls him the Christian Cato. He opposed the I^eague when its action in Paris became revolutionary (see Guise, The House of); he incited the protest of the Parlement against the Bull of 158.5, which de- clared Henry of Bourbon, the future Henry IV, stripped of his rights to the throne. Throughout the Jour des Barricades, and after the assassination of the Guises by order of Henry III, Harlay displayed great courage before the excited meml)t'rs of the League; he was imprisoned by them in the Bastille till after the death of Henry III. Under Henry IV his memories of the League led him to take the initiative in the condemnation of certain theologians (e. g. Mariana, Bellarmine) whom he considered an obstacle to royal ab.solutism. These opinions of Harlay explain his attempt, after the assassination of Henry IV, to im- plicate the Society of Jesus as responsible for that deed.

(2) AcHiLLE DE Hablay, Baron de Sancy, b. in 1581; d. 2U November, 16-16. He belonged to a younger branch of the house of Harlay. Bishop-elect of Lavaur, he gave up the ecclesiastical state in KJOl, on the death of his elder brother, to follow a military career. Marie de' Medici, the queen regent, sent him in 1611 as ambassador to Constantinople, liis mission being to protect the Jesuit establishments from Mus- sulman fanaticism. His secretary and dragoman, Denys, has left a journal in which de Sancy is repre- sented as prodigal, debauched, and negligent of his duties, but an attentive study of his embassy gives quite another idea of liim. At the end of 1617 he was the victim of a very annoying incident. The Turks, exasperated by the escape of the Polish prisoner Koreski, accused Sancy of having been his accom- plice, put several of his secretaries to the torture, and held him prisoner for five days. In consequence of these events Sancy was recalled to France and the Turkish Government apologized to Louis XIII. At Constantinople, nevertheless, Sancy had been useful to the Jesuits, whom he defended against the vexa- tious proceedings of the Porte. He had also been helpful to science. Himself a polyglot, he apphed himself to the discovery of rare manuscripts, and for this purpose sent to Egypt M. d'Orgeville, a doctor of the Sorbonne. Sancy was thus enabled to bring home, among other manuscripts, a Pentateuch in four lan- guages — Hebrew, Chaldean, Arabian, and Persian — and several works of St. Cyril of .Alexandria. Having fallen ill in 1619, Sancy, who had known BeruUe at Constantinople, resolved to enter the Oratory. He later siipported with his own money the houses of the Uratoi-y at Dieppe, Troyes, Nantes, Clermont, and Paris, and figiues among the twelve priests of the

AcHiLLE DE Harlay Painting by Daniel du Monstier (1625)

Oratory whom Henrietta of France, when she had become Queen of England, brought to London with her in 1625. It was to him that Berulle, on leaving London, committed the spiritual direction of the queen. Sancy, who was certainly back in France at the end of 1628, seconded the policy of Cardinal Richelieu, and when in 1629 Richelieu thought of issuing his "Memoires", he entrusted that charge to Sancy. The Ital- ian historian, Vit- torio Siri, quoting in his unedited ' ' Memorie " pas- sages found in ex- actly the same form in the "Me- moires" of Riche- lieu, says that he borrowed them from the " His- toria manoscritta del vescovo di San Malo" (manu- script history of the Bishop of St- Malo). Robert L a V o 1 i e e c o in- pared the manu- scripts of the "Memoires" of Richelieu and the autograph letters of Sancy, and found that the handwriting in both was the same. Sancy, who in fact Ijecame Bishop of St-Malo in 1631, was therefore the editor of the "Memoires" of the celebrated cardinal. This discovery, made in 1904, has greatly increased his renown.

(3) Ch.uilotte H.\el.\y de Sancy (1579-1652), sister of the foregoing, widow of the Marquis de Bleaute, assisted Madame Acarie to establish the Car- melites in France and was in 1604, under the name of Marie de Jesus, one of the first religious of the convent of Paris, of which she became prioress.

(4) Francois de H.\elay, 1). at Paris in 1585; d. 22 March, 1653. He belonged to the branch of the Harlays which, by its union with the family of Marck- Bouillon, was allied with the princely houses of Europe. Abbot of St-Victor, he Ijeeame in 1616 .Ai-chbishop of Rouen, and so remained until 1651, when he resigned in favour of his nephew. His epis- copate was notable for the estaljlishment in his arch- diocese of a large numljer of religious houses, which aided the reform of the clergy, and also for the re- form of the Benedictines, for which he manifested great zeal, and which he inaugurated in 1617 in the monastery of Jumieges. The Chateau de Gaillon, which Cardinal Georges d'Amboise had bequeathed to the Church of Rouen, became under the episcopate of Harlay a sort of centre for the study of the Scriptures and religious questions. It was the seat of an acad- emy whose members were to consecrate themselves as apologists of St. Paul. It possessed also a printing- press which published some of Harlay's writings. Under Harlay, also, the library of the chapter of Rouen was opened to the public. Harlay took a suc- cessful part in certain polemics against the Protes- tants. In 1625 he published the "Apologia Evangelii pro catholicis ad Jacobum Magnum BritannisE regem", and in 1633 "Le mystere de I'Eucharistie explique par Saint Augustin avec un avis aux min- istres de ne plus entreprendre d'alleguer Saint Augus- tin pour eux". His zeal against the Reformation extended beyond his archdiocese. He joined with Pierre de Marca in the re-establishment of Catholic worship in Bi'arn. where the Calvinists had made great progress. Even his most ill-disposed contem-