Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 7.djvu/127

 HABACUC

97

HABACUC

arranged by his predecessor was finally concluded and declared permanent. Zealous for the veneration of the saints of his diocese, he purchased the locality near Brielle, where, according to the decisive argu- ments of Professor Smit of Warmond, four secular and fifteen regular priests had been cruelly put to death for the faith in 1572, and where their bodies had been interred. He also began at Rome a canonical process to obtain approval of the "immemorial" veneration of the Blessed Lidwina of Schiedam. He regulated the contributions to the Peter's-pence for the whole of his diocese. Pursuant to the "Manda-, mus" of the collective bi.shops of the Netherlands (1868), he was unwearied in his efforts for the pres- ervation, the success, and the increase of Catholic denominational schools in his diocese. To further this end he nominated a committee of clergymen and prominent laymen (Union for the promotion of Catho- lic education in the Diocese of Haarlem), and united all the Catholic school-teachers into a separate body. The preparatory seminary of Hageveld was consider- ably enlarged during his episcopate. Finally he strongly encouraged the diocesan secretary, J.J. Graaf, in estab- lishing the episcopal museum at Haarlem, and in starts ing with his colleague, I. F. Vregt, the publication of a periodical, "Contributions to the History of the Dio- cese of Haarlem". (.3) P. M. Snickers (1877-1883). On account of the great concourse of pilgrims on the field of the martyrs near Brielle, this bi.shop caused a large chapel and covered galleries to be built there. For the housing of the rich collections of books and precious manuscripts he erected a separate building near the seminary of Warmond. He approved for his diocese the statutes of the Gregorius Vereeniging (Society of Saint Gregory) for the promotion of the liturgical plain chant and sacred music, founded by M. J. A. Lans, professor at Hageveld. In 1883 the bishop was transferred to the Archiepiscopal See of Utrecht. (4) C. J. M. Bottemanne (1883-1903). Although sixty years of age when he was made bishop, this energetic man did much for the development of the diocese. The schools increased during his episcopate to over 200, so that even in the villages a parish without a Catholic school became the exception, while in the towns many schools were opened. From his clergy he selected able men to act as inspectors of Catholic education; at Hoorn he opened a Catholic training college. He showed no less diligence in dealing with the social question. In 1888, three years before the promulgation of the Papal Encyclical " Reruni Nova- rum", a Roman Catholic Workman's League (De R. K. Volksbond) was founded under his auspices. This league or union is meant to embrace all the Catholic workmen of the diocese, and in 1903 numbered 10,000 members. Soon afterwards the master-workmen v/ere also brought together in a special league, De R. K. Gildenbond (The League of Roman Catholic Guilds). Bishop Bottemanne favoured greatly public meetings, which he addressed on many occasions. In 1897 he laid the foundation stone of an important addition to the seminary at Warmond, which was solemnly dedicated two years later on the occasion of the centenary of the institution. During this episco- {)ate twenty-five new parishes were established and seventy churches con.secrated. At the celebration of the golden jubUee of his priesthood (1896), Bishop Bottemanne instituted the Perpetual Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament in such a way that day and night throughout the year the Blessed Sacrament is solemnly exposed for adoration in some church or chapel of the diocese. The new cathedral of St. Bavo is another evidence of the flourishing condition of the diocese. This noble edifice — new, though not startling in con- ception — was designed by the Dutch architect, Joseph Cuypers. It is situated in a new quarter of Haarlem, mainly inhabited by workmen, who use it as their parish church. At first only the choir and transept VII.— 7

were built, taking three years to complete, and on 2 May, 1898, the aged bishop had the happiness of con- secrating this part of the great work. (5) A. J. Callier (190.3 ). For eleven years he had been vicar-gen- eral of the diocese, when he was appointed successor to Monsignor Bottemanne. The plans laid down and partly executed by his predecessor were now further developed. The educational question was the object of his special care. In 1904 a boys' school was opened near the new cathedral; in 190G the training college was transferred from Hoorn to a new and commodious building at Beverwyk. With regard to higher educa- tion the Catholics are still suffering under the old sys- tem of partiality and exclusion ; but, as the new educa- tional laws permit them to have professors of their own attached to the state-universities, provided they pay for them, the Saint Radbout's Fund (St. Radbouts stichting) was set on foot by the Catholics to secure co- religionists as professors, with the additional intention of preparing the way for a Catholic university. To pro- mote still further the solution of the social question, the bishop laid the foundation of a society for the as- sistance and development of citizens of the middle-class engaged in trade, a very large number of whom belong to his diocese. Wherever possible Catholic clubs for youths are instituted to safeguard young men against the special dangers of their age and to promote their intellectual and religious development. When vicar- general to his predecessor, the present bishop was the moving spirit in the building of the new cathedral, and he personally devised the highly significant scheme of symbolism for this sacred edifice. In 1903 the work was resumed, and three years later the exterior of the great cathedral was finished, except the two towers and the decoration of the west facade. As to the interior decoration, this remains the object of the bishops' special care, and is being effected (1909) with the greatest deliberation. Both decoration and furniture must be in keeping with the artistic value of the building itself, and great artists of original mind, as Brom, Toorop, and Mengelberg, have ample opportunity given to them to display their exceptional talent. The diocese counts (1909) 234 parishes, served by 650 priests, seculars and regulars ; the laity are reckoned at about 510,000 souls.

M1R.EUS-F0PPENS, Diplomatum Beltjicorum nova coUectio (Antwerp, 1734), III; van Heussen, Batavia sacra (Brussels, 1714); Idem, Hwtoria episcopatuum Fo'derati Belgii (Antwerp, 1755), II ; Wensing, Kerkelyk Nederland ('S Hertogenbo-sch, 1854); Verzameliiig van herderlyke brievcn van Mgr. van Vree (Haarlem, 1862); Ada et slalufa synodi diocesancr Ilarlemensis (Haarlem, 1867); Smit. Deware Ugginq dcr voorttKilige kloonler- schuur van St. Elisabeth te Rugge ('S Hertogenbosch, 1869); NuYENS, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Volk (.\msterdam, 1883); Idem, Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche berocrtcn in de XVI eeiiw (.\msterdam, 1904); Neerlandia ca'holica (Utrecht. 18SS); Thompson, St. Bavo, de nieuwe kalhedrale kerk van Haarlem (Haarlem, 1S9S); Hensen, Het eeuwfeest van het seminarie te Warmond ('S Hertoffenbosch, 1899); Gra.\f. Gids van het bis- schoppelyk museum te Haarlem (Leyden, 1900); Fruin. Vcr- spreide geschriften (The Hague, 1900), I, III; Coppens, Kerkge- schiedenvi van Noord Nederland (Utrecht, 1903); Albers, Geichiedenis van het herstel der hierarchic in de Nederlanden (Nimwei^en, 1903); Idem, Handboek der algemeene kerkgeschie- denis (Nimwegen, 1908). II; Kalf, De Katholieke kerken in Nederland (Amsterdam. 1908); Brom, .irchiralia in Italie (The Hague. 1908), I; De Kalholick (Leyden), CXV, CXII, CXIII; Bydragen vnor de ge.';chiedenis van het bisdom van Haarlem (Leyden). XXIII. XXVI; Archief van het aartsbisdom van Utrecht (Utrecht), IX, XI; Sint Bavo, Godsdienstig weekblad van het bisdom van Haarlem (Amsterdam); Sint Gregorius blad (Haarlem).

A. H. L. Henisen.

Habacuc (Habakkuk), the eighth of the Minor Prophets, who probably flourished towards the end of the seventh century B. c. ^ 1. Name and Personal Life. — In the Hebrew text (i, 1; iii, 1), the prophet's name presents a doubly intensive form p'p3n, Hdbhaqquq, which has not been preserved either in the Septuagint: ' A.)j.fiaKovti. or in the Vulgate: Habacuc. Its resemblance with the Assyrian liambakuku, which is the name of a plant, is obvious. Its exact meaning cannot be ascertained:

Vi