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exposing a relic of the Holy Cross on the high altar (n. 2887), and the custom of carrying such a relic in procession within the walls of the church, not, however, during the usual ceremonies (n. 346(i), are expressly prmitted. Rock (op. cit., IV, 279, 280) notes, with interesting detail, a custom followed at one time in England of suljmitting voluntarily to the rod of pen- ance on Good Friday.

liotnan Missal: Dccrela Aulhenlica of S. C. of Rites (Rome, 1901); NiLLES. Kalendarium Manuale (Inn-Iinn-k, 1><, U, 253 sqq, ; Duchesne, Origines du Culte C'fir- ' • . i r M^ I'l r ke (London, 1904); Baumer, History of Ihc h\ ,'. . ,, .-.1.

BiHON (Paris. 1905); Gueranger, Uanii" I I'.nis,

1904); PuNKES in Kirchenlcx., s. v. Vh,i,i t i- /Vic

CAurc/s o/ Our FafAcrs (London, 1905); Caiii: " l.ilur-

giqucs (Paris, 1906); Marti^ne. De antiijui ! }:>nhus

(Antwerp, 1763); Murray, New Oxford 1>. \. f ■ I'hit/;

Hampson, Medii .Eei Kalendarium (London, Ibll,, I, Isii 200. T. P. (jILMAKTIN.

Good Hope, Eastern Vicariate op the Cape op, was estahlislied in 1847, when the Vicariate of the Cape of Good Hope was divided into Eastern and Western. Later the Eastern Vicariate was subdi- vided three times. As

now constituted, it is bounded on the north by the Orange River, on the west by the civil districts (in- cluded in the vicar- iate) of Hope town, Richmontl, Murrays- berg, Britstown, Jan- sen vi He, Humans- dorp, Aberdeen, and Uitenhage; on the south by the Indian Ocean; on the east by the western lioundary of Teiiiliulaud, (iri- qualand East, antl the southwestern boimd- ary of Basutoland.

On 27 December, 1847, Dr. Devereux was consecrated, in Cape Town, Bishop of Paneas and first Vicar Apostolic of the Eastern Vicariate, by Dr. Griffith, under whom he had worked for nine years. Through the Dhanis fam- ily of Belgium the new vicar Apostolic received the first considerable funds to start work. But his life was spent in the turmoil of Kafir wars, and was a struggle with poverty and the dearth of priests. His successor. Dr. Moran, had been curate of Irishtown, Dublin, and arrived in the colony in November, 1856. He was a man of great energy, and a strenuous opponent of the grant of responsible government. The ^Sacred Congregation of Propaganda appointed him first Bishop of Dunedin, New Zealand, in 1S7. Next year, the Rev. J. D. Rieards was con- secrated l)ishiip at Cirahamstown, with the title in jiartihus of Retimo, by the Vicar Apostolic of Natal, Dr. .\llard. Dr. Rieards had already spent twenty- two years in the country and, whether as a writer, or lecturer, or pastor, had left his mark in the land. He founded the "Cape Colonist", a paper which did a unique work in its day by its fearless advocacy of purity in public life and sane views on the native prol> lems. Several of the bishop's larger controversial works are still read and highly appreciated. In 1880 he brouglit to South .\frica the first contingent of Trappists, who were to teach the natives not only the Christian faitli, but the much needed lesson of work. The expansion of this order (since transferred to the Natal Vicariate) has been remarkable. About two years before Dr. Ricards's death a coadjutor was ap- pointed in the person of Dr. Strobino, who, however.

became a hopeless invalid soon after the death of Dr. Rieards. Dr. Strobino was succeeded in 1896 by his coadjutor, the Rt. Rev. Hugh MacSherry, formerly administrator of Dundalk in Ireland, who had been consecrated a few months before.

There are 74 churches, chapels, and stations in the Eastern Vicariate, served by 52 priests, of whom 18 belong to the Society of Jesus, and two are Trappists. There are 44 schools, mission and private, two orphan- ages, and one nursing home. The number of men not in Hilly orders belonging to religious institutes is 37 — .Marists. de la Salle Brothers, and Jesuits. There are 331 religious women — Dominicans, Sisters of Nazar- eth, of the Holy Cross, of the Little Cdiiipany of Mary, of the Assumption. The Catlmlic jiopulation is more than 13,000, of whom only a few hundred are natives.

Theal, South Africa (4th ed., London, 1899); Campbell, British South Africa (London, 1897); Statesman's Year Book (London, 1909); Cath. Directory of B.S.A. (Cape Town, 1909).

Sidney R. Welch.

Good Hope, Western Vicariate of the Cape of. — The Western vicariate and the Central prefecture, although different in name, are virtually one. From 1874 to 1882 the Central pre- fecture w-as under the charge of the Mission- ary Fathers of Lyons; on their withdrawal, part of it was com- mitted to the Oblates of St. Francis de Sales, and became the Orange River prefec- ture ; the rest was in- corporated in the Western vicariate. This now has an area of 82,757 square miles. It is bounded on the north by the Olifants River, on the east by the Rogge- veldt Mountains and the Gouritz River, on the south and west by the sea. The islands of St. Helena and Ascension are included in this vicariate. Bartolomeu Dias first planted the cross on South African soil at Croix Island, Algoa Bay, in 1486 ; and the Cape soon became a place of frequent call for Portuguese ships. From the well-known hab- its of this people we may conjecture that Mass was thenceforth celebrated frequently on these shores. The great missionary work of the Portuguese on the Zambesi did not extend to the Cape. The first Dutch governor, van Riebeek, arrived at the Cape in 1652; but under his regime and that of his successors, the public profession of the Catholic faith was forbidden. A new spirit animated the Dutch high commissioner, de Mist, who, in terms of the Treaty of Amiens, took possession of the Cape, after a brief British occupation. Under very slight restrictions he issued an edict of religious toleration.

The first English governor reversed these measures, and later Lord Charles Somerset showed bitter hostil- ity to Catholics. But through the good offices of Bishop Poynter of the English Midland District, the government agreed to salary a Catholic pastor for the Cape. On New Year's Day, 1820, Bishop Slater, Vicar Apostolic of Mauritius (which vicariate included the Cape), installed Father .Scully in Cape Town. For the next eighteen years the ecclesiastical history of the colony is one of pitiful squabbles between pastors and people, with a short truce in the time of a Dutch priest named Wagenaar. On 6 Jvme, 1837, Gregory XVI formed the Cape of Good Hope into a vicariate

Table Modntain, Cape Tov