Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 6.djvu/704

 GODFREY

G26

GOETZ

under the title of "Roman du chevalier au Cygne" (ed. de Reiffenberg, Brussels, 1846-59).

Breysig. Gottfried von Bouillon vor dem Kreuzziige in We^t- deutsche Zeitschrift fiir Geschichte und KunsU XVII; Hagen- MEYER, Chronologie de la premih-e croisade (Paris, 1902); Idem, Epistul(E et chartcB ad historiam primi belli sacri perlinentes (Inns- bruclc, 1901); Pirenne, Histoire de Belgigue {Brussels, 1901), I; Vetault, Godefroy de Bouillon (Tours, 1874); Beyer, Vita Godefridi Bullionis (Marburg. 1S74); Chalandon, Essai sur le regne d' Alexis Comnbne (Paris, 1900); Dodu, Historie des insti- tutions tnonarchiques dans le royaume latin de Jerusalem (Paris, 1894); CONDER, The Kingdom of Jerusalem (London, 1897); RoHRlCHT, Geschichte des Konigreichs Jerusalem (Innsbruck, 1898i ; PiGEONNEAU, Le cycle de la croisade et la famille de Bouil- lon (Paris, 1877). LoUlS BrEHIER.

Godfrey of Fontaines (Godefridits de Fontibus, Doctor Venerandus), a scholastic philosopher and theologian; born near Liege within the first half of the thirteenth century, he became a canon of his native diocese, and also of Paris and Cologne, and was elected, in 1300, to the See of Tournai, which he declined. He taught theology at the University of Paris during the last quarter of the century, was a Magister, or doctor, of theology and a member of the Sorbonne, to which he left a valuable collection of M,SS. He is the author of a notable collection of disputations, "XIV Quod- libeta", which show him to have been not merely a distinguished theologian and philosopher, but also a canonist, jurist, moralist, and controversialist, who took an active part in the various ecclesiastical, doc- trinal, and disciplinary disputes that stirred Paris at that period. In regard to the privileges of the men- dicant orders, Godfrey opposed St. Thomas, but for the Angelic Doctor's teaching he professed a sincere ad- miration. The bold "innovations" of Thomism were just then on their trial ; they were condemned by Tem- pier. Archbishop of Paris (1277), and opposed by Peckham anil many others. Godfrey was a staunch supporter of Thomism, yet sufficiently original to dif- fer in many things from the master's views, e. g., the principle of individuation, and the distinction between essence and existence in material things.

The "XIV Quodlibeta" of Godfrey, extensively studied and multiplied in MS. form in the medieval schools, are at present in course of being pubhshed for the first time. A critical edition of the first four of them has already appeared in the series "Les Philosophes Beiges, Textes et Etudes" (II, "Les quatre premiers Quodlibets de Godefroid de Fon- taines", by de Wulf and Pelzer, Louvain, 1904). The remaining Quodlibeta (V-XIV) will form vols. Ill and IV of the same series; vol. V is to contain studies on Godfrey by de Wulf, de Munnynck, and Van Roel.

De Wulf, Etudes sur la vie les wurrcs et Vinfluence de Gode- froid de Fontaines (Louvain and Paris, 1904); Idem, Histoire de la philosophie medievale (Louvain, 2nd ed., 1905); Idem, His- toire de la philosophie scolastique dans les Pays-Bos, etc. (Lou- vain and Paris, 1895); Turner, History of Philosophy (Boston, 1903). P. Coffey,

Godfrey of Viterbo, German writer of the twelfth century. Nothing is known as to the place or date of his birth, but he received his education at Bam- berg, whither he was taken by Lothair in 1133. At an early age he displayed great activity as one of the clergy at the court of Conrad III and later of Fred- erick I, accompanying the latter on many of his cam- paigns, and frequently fulfilling for him diplomatic missions. As a reward for his services at Court, lands were bestowed on him in fief at Viterbo, probably in 1 169. During his forty years as notary and chaplain to the Emperor Frederick, he displayed a multifarious activity at Court. Among the personages there he was particularly attracted towards the youthful Henry VI. He lived much in Italy, spending his last days at Viterbo. The year of his death has not been ascertained. In the politico-ecclesiastical conflicts of his time he sided with the emperor, without, however, declaring himself inimical to the pope. He blames Pope Alexander's predecessor, Hadrian, for the

schism, inasmuch as the latter had allied himself with the Greeks and Normans against the emperor. His works were for the most part composed during journeys. About 1183 he compiled for the use of schools his "Speculum regum", a history of the world beginning with the deluge, intended to reconcile the Romans with the Germans. His metrical account of the achievements of Frederick (Ciesta Friderici), ex- tending to 1181, is a separate work, which, though not free from confusion, contains some valuable informa- tion. His "Memoria Sseculorum" is a history of the world written partly in prose and partly in verse, and was completed in 1185. In the same year he began work on his " Pantheon ", a history of the world which enjoyed an unmerited fame during the Middle Ages. The author, delighting as he does in fables, has gath- ered much material for the history of folk-lore. His works — some of them only in extracts — are to be found in the " Monumenta Germaniie historica : Scriptores ' ', XVII.

Ulmann, Gottfried von Viterlw, dissertation (Gottingen, 1863); Wattenbach, Deulschlands GeschichtsqueUai ini M. A. (6th ed., Berlin, 1894), II, 290 sqq. FhaNZ KamPERS.

Godinez. See Wading, Michael. Godmother. See Sponsor.

Godric, the name of two Abbots of Croyland, Gon- Ric I, 870-941. He was the successor of the Abbot Theodore, who hatl been slain by the Danes. The heathen had sacked and destroyed the abbey, dese- crating the shrines and driving out the monks. On their return they mianimously elected CJodric abbot, in spite of his reluctance. Soon after his election, at the request of the prior of Ancarig, Ciodric went with his monks to clear away the ruins of Medehamsted Abbey (Peterborough), to bury the corpses of its abbot and eighty monks, whom the Danes had murdered, and to erect a memorial near their grave. Evil times fell on Croyland during his abbacy. Beorred, King of Mercia, under pretext of driving out the Danes, seized the lands and possessions of all the monasteries in his dominions, among which was Croyland. Beorred died in 874, and was succeeded by one of his servants, Ceolwulf, who demanded a thousand pounds from the Abbey of Croyland, and reduced it to such poverty, that the monks were forced to sell nearly all their plate. So poor did the house become that none would join it, and, at Godric's death in 94 1, only five of its monks were left.

Godric II, 100.5-18, was no less unfortunate than his namesake. King Ethelred the Redeless first ex- acted from it large sums of money, and in the fourth year of Godric's rule the Danish jarl, Turkil, arrived with a fleet, demanded a ransom, and ravaged the manors of the abbey. In 1013 the Danish king, Sweyn, devastated the neighbouring country. Croy- land, which was luckily isolated by floods, became the refuge of monks, secular priests, and layfolk, whose support was a heavy burden on the resources of the abbey. Sweyn extorted two large ransoms within three months, while the king's officers threatened to complete its ruin because it supported the Danes. In despair Godric and his monks engaged as protector Leofwin, brother of Leofric, Earl of Leicester, who, in return for a grant of lands, protected them till his death in 1017. The same year the accession of Cnut brought peace to England, and some relief to Croyland. Godric was buried in the chapter-house of his abbey.

Ingulfi Croylandensis Historia in Rerum Anglicarum Veterum Tom: J. ed. Fulman (Oxford, 1684); Willis, History of the Mitred Parliamentary Abbeys, 1,75-6 (London, 1718); Dugdale, Mmmslicnn Anglicanum, ed.CALEY and Ellis, (London, 1846),

II, ui 2, 95. Leslie A. St. L. Toke.

Goethals. See Henry of Ghent.

Goetz, Makie Josephine, second superior-general of the Society of the Sacred Heart, daughter of Joseph Goetz of Strasburg and Marie Anne Wagner; b. 7 March, 1817; d. 4 January, 1874; her parents dying