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GERBET

give him over to his monastic superiors. Louis XIV, however, imprisoned him at Amiens (1703-1707) and at Vincennes (1707-1710). After retracting all his Janscnistic errors, Gerberon was set free, and returned to the monastery of St-Germain-des-Pr^s, 25 April, 1710. He deeply regretted his errors, and died a re- pentant son of the t'atholic Church.

Gerberon was one of the most prolific writers of the Maurist Congregation. Tassin (loc. cit. below) ascribes one hundred and eleven works to him, many of which, however, are spurious. Of the si.xty-one works ascribed to him by de Lama (loc. cit. below), the following are the most important: " Apologia pro Ruperto Abbate Tuitiensi" (Paris, 1669), in which he proves against Salmasius ami other Protestants that Abbot Rupert of Deutz held the Catholic doctrine of the Real Presence; "Histoiregen^raledu Jans^nisme" (Amsterdam, 1700), 3 vols. ; " Acta Marii Mercatoris " (Brus.sels, 1673); "Histoire de la Robe sans couture de N. S. Jesus-Christ, qui est rev^r^e dans r(glise des B^n^dictins d' Argenteuil" (Paris, 1676). His chief Jansenistic work is entitled "Le Miroir de la Vi^U chretienne" (Brussels, 1676). He alsoedited the works of St. Anselm: " S. Anselmi opera omnia, necnon Ead- meri monachi Cantuar. Historia Novorum et alia opuseula" (Paris, 1675).

Tassin, Hist, lilleraire de la congr. de Saint-Maur (Brussels, 1780), 4S3-5S4; Berliere, Nouveau Supplement to the preced- ing work (Paris, 1908), I, 242-245; Kerker in Kirchetilex.; HuRTER, Nomenclator; de Lama, Bibliothique des ecrivains de la congr. de Si. Maur (Munich, 1882), 93-102; Le Cerf, Biblio- theque historigue et criligue des auteurs de la Congr. de St. Maur (La Haye, 1726), 157-169.

Michael Ott.

_ Gerbert, Martin, Prince-Abbot of Saint-Blaise, liturgist and musical writer; b. at Horb-on-the- Neckar, in the Black Forest, 12 August, 1720, by birth being entitled Baron von Hornau; d. in his monastery of Saint-Blaise, 13 May, 1793. He studied the hu- manities successively at Ehingen, Suabia, at Freiburg- im-Breisgau and at Klingenau, and philosophy and theology at the Abbey of Saint-Blaise, whose prince- abbot remarked his talents and undertook the direc- tion of his studies, having in mind to make him his successor. Having entered at Saint-Blaise in 1736, he was ordained priest in 1744, and was almost imme- diately appointed professor of philosophy and theol- ogy. Besides, he fulfilled the duties of librarian. His first researches in liturgy and music date from this time. In 1760, in the course of a sojourn in France and Italy, he made the acquaintance at Bologna of Martini, who was collecting materials for his " Histoire gen^rale de la musique " and to whom he made known his own discoveries. Gerbert states that he was much surprised to learn of the existence of so extensi\'e a lit- erature on a special subject, but that his own studies led to the knowledge of many other works which he made known to Martini, with whom he kept up a cor- respondence.

In 1 702 Gerbert announced through a prospectus his intention of writing a history of church music, and he laboured unceasingly at this task, despite the cares imposed upon him by the administration of the Abbey of Saint-Blaise, of which he was named prince-abbot in 1764. The first volume was completed and the sec- ond mudi advanced when a fire destroyed the church, the library and a part of the manuscripts of Saint- Blaise (1708). Gerbert set to work once more, and the work appeared in 1774. The researches made necessary by the preparation had brought about the discovery of a number of manuscripts of the Middle Ages. Gcrliert published more than forty of them in his "Scriptures de musica" (1784). Between whiles he published various writings, some of which are still of real importance, such as the "Iter Alemannicum", —in which, like Mabillon, Monlfaucon, and Martene, he shares with us the li-easiires he has discovered in the libraries of Germany, France, and Italy— and u.se-

ful works on Rudolph I and the house of Hapsburg, on the history of Sweden, and on the ancient liturgy of Germany.

Li.st of works: "Martini Gerberti et Remigii Klee- sati XXI V Offertoria Solemnia in festis Domini, B. V . M . et SS. opus I" (in fol. Augsburg, 1747) ; Apparatus ad eruditionem theologicam (Saint-Blaise), 1754 ; Iter Ale- mannicum, accedit Italicum et Gallicum (S°, Saint- Blaise, 1765); "Pinacotheca principum Austriee" (1768); "Codex epistolaris Rudolphi I Romanorum regis" (Saint-Blaise, 1772); "De Cantu et Musica Sa- cra a prima ecclesia^ a-tate usque ad prsesens tem- pus" (2 vols. 4°, Saint-Blaise, 1774); " Taphographia principum Austria^, monunientorum domus Austria- ca; tomus IV et ultimus" ( 2 vols, in fol., 1772) ; " Ve- tus liturgia Alemannica, disquisionibus pra-viis, notis et observationibus illustrata" (2 vols. 4°, Saint-Blaise, 1776); "Monumenta veteris liturgis Aleraannicae ex antiquis manuscriptis codicibus" (2 vols. 4°, Saint- Blaise, 1777-79); "Historia Silvje Nigrie" (3 vols. 4°, 1783); "Seriptores ecclesiastici de musica sacra" (3 vols. 4°, Saint- Blaise, 1784); "De Rudolpho suevico comite de Rhinfelden, duce, rege, deque ejus inlustri familia" (4°, Saint-Blaise, 1785); " Observationes in Bertholdi seu Bernoldi, Constantiniensis presbyteri opuseula" (in the "Mon. res Aleman. illust." of Uffermann, 2 vols., 1792); "De sublimi in evangelio Christi juxta divinam Verbi incarnati ajconomiam (8°, 1793).

Fetis, Dictionnaire de musiciens; Misard. Biographie de D. M. Gerbert (Paris, 1867); Freiburger Diucesan-Archiv (1898), XXVI, 299 sq.

H. Leclercq. Gerbert of Aurillac. See Sylvester II.

Gerbet, Olympe-Philippe, a French bishop and writer; b. at Poligny (Jura), 1798; d. at Perpignan (Pyrenees Orientales), 1864. He studied at the Aca- d(5mie and the Grand - SiJminaire of Besangon, also at St-Sulpice and the Sorbonne. Ordain- ed priest in 1822, he joined Lamen- nais at " La Ches- naie" (1825) after a few years spent with Salinis at the Lyc^e Henri IV. Although an en- thusiastic admirer of Lamennais he nevertheless ac- cepted the papal Encyclical "Mirari vos" of 15 Aug., 1832, and the " Sin- gulari nos" of 13 July, 1834, which condemned the traditionalism of Lamennais; and, after fruitless elTorts to convert the master, he withdrew to the " College de Juilly"(1836). The years 1839-49 he spent in Rome, gathering data for his " Esquisse de Rome Chretienne ". Recalled byMonseigneurSibour, he became successively professor of sacred eloquence at the Sorbonne, Vicar- General of Amiens, and Bishop of Perpignan (18.54). His episcopate was marked by the holding of a synod (1865), the reorganization of clerical studies, various religious foundations, and, above all, by the famous pastoral instruction of 1S60 sur diverses erreurs du temps present, which served as a model for the Syllabus of Pius IX. Gerljet has been called the F<''nelon of the nineteenth century. Besides many articles in " Le Memorial catholique", " L'Avenir", " L'Univer.sit(' catholique", and some philosophical writings (" Des doctrine?