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 6ALLICANUS

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GALLICANUS

trin» veritatis una manente substantia Deuni esse perfectuni? R. Credo."

(10) The Baptismal formula: "Baptizo te credeii- tem in Nomine, etc., ut habeas vitani :eternam in sajcula s;rciilorum."

(11) The Chrismation. The formula is the same as the modern Roman.

(12) The Feet^ washing. The words are slightly different from those in the Gothicum, Bobbio, and 8towe, but to the same effect.

(13) The "Post Baptismum". A single prayer (without Bidding Prayer) beginning " Deus ad quern scubias veteris hominis in fonte depositas". It will be seen that there is no giving of the white robe in the Gallieanum, and that the signing of the hand, found in the Celtic Rite (q.v.), is absent from both it and the Gothicum.

The Holy Week ceremonies which are mixed with the Baptismal service in the two books are not very characteristic. The couplets of invitatory and collect which occur in the Roman Good Friday .service are given with verbal variations in the Gallieanum, but not in the Gothicum; in both, however, there are other prayers of a similar type and prayers for some of the Hours of Good Friday and Easter Eve. The Blessing of the Paschal Candle consists of a Bidding Prayer and collect (in the Gothicum only), the "Ex- ultet" and its Preface nearljf exactly as in the Roman, a "CoUectio post benedictionem cerei", and "Col- lectio post hymnum cerei." There is no ceremony of the New Fire in either.

B. The Ordination services of the Gallican Rite do not occur in any of the avowedly Gallican books, but they are found in the Gelasian Sacranientary and the Missale Francorum, that is to say, a mixed form which does not agree with the more or less contempo- rary Roman form in the Leonine and Gregorian Sacra- mentaries, though it contains some Roman prayers, is found in these two books, antl it may reasonably be inferred that the differences are of Gallican origin. Moreover, extracts relating to ceremonial are given with them from the Statuta Ecdesia: Antiqua, formerly attributed to the Fourth Council of Carthage, but now known to be a Gallican decree '"promulgated in the province of Aries towards the end of the fifth century" (Duchesne). The ceremonial therein contained agrees with that described in "De Officiis Ecclesiasticis" by St. Isidore of Seville. The forms for minor orders, in- cluding subdeacon, were very short, and consisted simply of the delivery of the instruments: keys to porters, books to lectors and exorcists, cruets to aco- lytes, chalice, paten, basin, ewer and towel to subdea- cons, with appropriate wortls, followed by a Bidding Prayer and collect of the usual Gallican type, the whole being precetled by addresses. These forms, with considerable additions in the case of subdeacons, occur. Bidding Prayers and all, in the Roman Ponti- fical of to-day. In the ordination of deacons there is a form which is found in the Byzantine Rite, but has not been adopted in the Roman, the recognition by the people, after an address, with the cry of "Dignus estl". This is used for priests and bishops also (cf. 'Afios, in the Byzantine ordinations). The Bidding Prayer and collect which follow are both in the present Roman Pontifical, though separated by much addi- tional matter. The ordination of priests was of the same type as that of deacons, with the addition of the anointing of the hands. The address, with a varied end. and the collect (but not the Bidding Prayer), and the anointing of the hands with its formula are in the modern Pontifical, but with very large additions. The consecration of bishops began, after an election, with a presentation and recognition, neither of which is in the modern Pontifical. Then followed a long Bidding Prayer, also not adopted in the Roman Rite, and the Consecrating Pra\'er Deu.s nmnium honorum, part of which is embodied in the Preface in the Leonine

and Gregorian Sacramentaries, and in the present Pontifical. During this prayer two bishops held the Book of the Gospels over the candidate, and all the bishops laid their hands on his heud. Then followed the anointing of the hands, but ajiparently not of the heatl as in the modern rite, with a formula which is not in the Roman books.

C. The Consecration of a Church does not occur in the recognized Gallican books, and the order of it has to be inferred from later books and from prayers in the Gelasian Sacranientary and Missale Francoriun. It would seem, a.s Mgr. Duchesne shows in his excellent analysis of both rites (Origines d\i culte Chretien), that at a time when the Roman Rite of Consecration was exclusively funerary and contained little else but the deposition of the relics, as is shown in the Ordines in the St. Amand MS. (Bibl. Nat. Lat. 97-1), the Gallican Rite resembled more closely that of the modern Pon- tifical, which may be presinned to have borrowed from it. The commentary of Remigivis of Auxerre (late ninth century), published by Martene, and the .Sacranientary of .\ngoulenie (Ribl. Nat. Lat. 816, abovit 800) which is mixed Gelasian and Gregorian, and the Sacranientary of Gellona (Bibl. Nat. Lat. 120-48) are the other authorities from which Duchesne derives his details. The order of the Celtic Consecra- tion given in the Leabhar Breac is very similar (see Celtic Rite). The order is:

(1) The Entrance of the bishop, with "Tollite por- tas, principes, vestras", etc., which exhibits the out^ line of the present rite. (2) The Alphabets, .as at present. (3) The Exorcism, Blessing ami mixing of water, salt, aslies and wine. (4) The Lustration of the Altar and of the inside of the church, (."j) The Consecration Prayers. These are the Prayers "Deus, qui loca nomini tuo" and "Deus sanctificationura, omnipotens dominator", which occur at the same point at present. The latter prayer in the Gallican Rite is worked into a Preface (in the Roman sense of the word). (6) The Anointing of the Altar with chrism, with the five crosses as at present. The Celtic Rite had seven. (7) The anointing of the church with chrism. Nothing is said about crosses on the walls. (8) The Consecration of the Altar, with the burning of a cross of incense thereon, and a Bidding Prayer and collect. (9) The Blessing of linen, vessels, etc. (10) The Translation of the Relics which have been kept in a separate place and a night watch kept over them. This service, which is clearly the modern elaborate consecration in germ, has also many points in common with the 'XKoKovdla. eh "E,-yKahi.a NaoO in the Byzantine Euehologion, which is still simpler. The three are eviilentlv three staijes of the same service.

Mm. Ill'--,, /I- /..'.^,"■ <::'lliriuul (Paris, 16S5); Moratori, /. / \, 174S): ^\\KTkKE, De Antiquis

I : !: i: i.-m; Neale and Forbes, ^7j«iVn< /,/,, , , '- . ' ,; .. (, ,/, iBurntisland, 1855-67); H. A. WiLs.iN-, 77e i;,ln,H<in Sucramenlary (Oxford. 1894); Feltoe, Sacratnenlariiim Lf'inianum (Cambridge, 1896); Duchesne, Origines du cuUc chnlicniVlLTiS, 1902; tr. London, 1904); Delisle Mfmoire sur d'auciens Sacramenlaires (Paris, 18S6) ; _ Gerbert, Monumenta veteris Liturpice Alemannicm (St. Blaise, 1777); Probst, Die ahendhindische Messe vom filnften bis zum achten Jahrhunderl (Miinster, 1896); LrcAS, The Early Oallican Lit- urgy in Dublin Review (July, 1893; Jan., 1894); Ff.rotin, Le Liber Ordinum en vsage dans I'Eglise Wisigothique et Mozarabe (Paris. 1904); E. Bishop, Liturgical Note in Kupyers, The Prayerbook of yElhelwald (Cambridge, 1902); Idem, The Earliest Roman Mass-book in Dublin Review (Oct., 1894); Idem, Span- ish Symptoms (in Gallican, Irish, and Roman Service books), in Journal of Theological Studies (Oct., 1905); Lejay, articles in Revue d'hist. et de litter. Relig.: Rit Romain et Rit Gallican, II, 93; Orinine et dnie du Rit Gallican, II. 173; Les Livres Galileans, II, lssils'17 W CBlsuov, Primitive Form of consecration of the

II / '. in Church Quarterly (July, 1908); Bacmer, (,, ' /-■;■, ciVrs (Freiburg, 1.S95); Batiffol, /f is/oiVc rfw /;,,,, "-/,;i (Paris, 1893; tr. London, 1898); Hammond, AnrirnI Litiimy of Antioch (Oxford, 1879); Idem, Ancient Liturgies (Oxford, 1878).

Henry Jenner.

Gallicanus, Saints. — The foUow^ing saints of this name are commemorated on 25 June: —