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 FUNERAL

322

FUNK

nissrecht (Aatisbon, 1904) ; Moulart, L'Egkse et I Etat (4th ed., Louvain, 1895); Zema, Qucest. canonico-hturgica: de ttepull. re- lig. (1903); Ruland, Geschichte der kirchlichm Leichenfeier (Ratisbon, 1904). ^ ^

David Dunford.

Funeral Pall, a black cloth usually spread over the coffin while the obsequies are performed for a de- ceased person. It generally has a white cross worked through its entire length and width. The Roman Ritual does not prescribe its use in the burial of a priest or layman, but does so for the absolution given after a requiem when the body is not present. Stdl the Congregation of Sacred Rites supposes its ex- istence, since it forbids ecclesiastics, especially in sa- cred vestments, to act as pall-bearers for a deceased priest (3110, 15). It also forbids the use of a white transparent pall fringed with gold in the funeral of canons (324S, 3). The "Ceremoniale Episcoporum" orders a black covering on the bed of state for a de- ceased bishop. It was once customary specially to invite persons to carry the pall, or, at least, to touch its borders during the procession. These pall-bearers frequently had the palls made of very costly materials and these were afterwards made into sacred vest- ments. Formerly dalmatics or even coverings taken from the altar were used as a pall for a deceased pope, but, on account of abuses that crept in, this practice was suppressed. In the Council of Auxerre (578, can. xii) and in the statutes of St. Boniface the pall hiding the body was forbidden.

In the English Church the funeral pall was regularly employed. Thus we read that, at the funeral of Rich- ard Kellowe, Bishop of Durham (d. 1316), Thomas Count of Lancaster offered three red palls bearmg the coat of arms of the deceased prelate. On the same occasion Edward II of England sent palls of gold cloth. At the burial of Arthur, son of Henry VII, Lord Powys laid a rich cloth of gold on the body. Similar rich palls were used in the obsequies of Henry VII and of Queen Mary.

IloCK, Church of Our Fathers (London, 1904), III, 23: Cere- moniale Episcoporum.

Francis Mershman.

Funfkirchen (Hungarian Pecs), Diocese of (Qvin- QUE EccLEsiENsis), iu Hungary, in the ecclesiasti- cal province of Gran. Christianity was introduced into this part of the ancient province of Pannonia (called Valeria since the time of Diocletian) before the fall of the Roman Empire. In Funfkirchen itself, formerly the Roman colony of Sopiarue, there has been found an underground sepulchral chamber dating from early Christian times; it is still preserved, and contains religious paintings belonging to the second lialf of the fourth century (Henszlmann, "Die alt- christliche Grabkammer in Funfkirchen" in "Mit- teilungen der Zentralkommission", Vienna, 1873, 57 sq. de Rossi, "BuUettino di arch, crist.", 1874, 150- 152). It is probable that even at this early day a house of Christian worship existed where the cathedral now stands. During the " migration of the nations", city and country were devastated ; in the ninth century, this territory formed part of the kingdom of the Cliristian Slavic prince Privina, and Archbishop Liup- raiuiii of Salzburg (836-859) consecrated the church of St. Peter in the city even then called "Ad quinque Basilicas" because of its five churches. By King Stephen I of Hungary Funfkirchen was made a bi.shopric in the year 1009. The fir.st bishop was the Frank, Bonipert, a Benedictine monk. His successor, Maurus (1036-1070), erected a cathedral, the original found;itions of which still stand, on the site of the old church of St. Peter (restored, 1877-1896). Maurus is the first ecclesiastical writer in the kingdoni of Hun- gary, and is hnnnurod as a saint in this diocese, as well as by the Hcii(<lictines.

Of the succ(M'iliii{^ liishops, the following are worthy of mention: Calanu.s (1188-1218), who, on account of

his services in defending the Church against the Patarini, was permitted by Clement III to wear the pallium and to have the cross borne before him, a custom which led to many difficulties with the Arch' bishops of Gran, Init was nevertheless confirmed by Benedict XIV (1754); Wilhelm (130-1374), during whose episcopate the cathedral school was raised to the rank of a university (1367), which flourished for a time, but which ceased to exist after the defeat in battle of Louis II by Solyman I in 1526; Anton Vran- cies (1553-1557) and Georg Draskovich (1557-1563) who worked zealously for the reform of the religious life and were elevated to the cartlinalate. After the conquest of the city by the Turks in 1543, the cathe- dral was transformed into a mosque, and it was only

in 1687, after the expulsion of the Turks, that it was again opened for Christian worship. Under Bishops Franz Nesselrode (1703-1732) and Georg Girk (1853- 1868), diocesan synods were held. Bishop Ignatius von Szepesy (1828-1838) founded a lyceum with a faculty of theology and law. A restoration of the cathedral in approved style was made by Ferdinand Dulanszky. The cathedral chapter numbers ten canons, six honorary canons and two prebendaries. The diocese is divided into two archdiaconates and twenty-two vice-diaconates; it embraces 178 parishes, with 258 dependent churches and stations, and six curacies. Of the parishes 33 are German, 54 Magyar and the rest composed of mixed nationalities. The number of Catholics in the diocese amounted in 1006 to 503,981. In the same year, there were 306 secular priests and 40 religious. The following orders of men exist in the diooese: Cistercians (1 monastery, with a college) ; Franciscans (7 monasteries) ; Brothers of Mercy (1 convent); Orders and congregations of women: Canonesses of Our Lady (1 convent); Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul (11 convents); Sis- ters of Providence, of the Holy Redeemer, of the Holy Cross (1 convent each). The territory of the diocese embraces the counties of Baranya and Tolna, and part of tlie counties of Somogy and Verocze.

KoLLAR. Ilisloria episcopatus Quinqueecclesiensis, 7 vols. (Budapest. 17S2-1812); Gerecze. Der Dam zu Funfkirchen (Fimfkirchen, 1894); Die kalholische Kirche vnserer Zeit (Mu- nich, 1900), II, 590-593.

J. P. KiRSCH.

Funk, Fkanz Xaver von, church historian, b. in the small market-town of AbtsgemtuKl in Wiirtemberg, 12 October, 1840; d. at Tubingen, 24 February, 1907. The son of an inn-keeper, Fnuiz first attended the gymnasimn at Ellwagen, and, on finishing his course of secondary studies, proceeded in l.s.V.I to the University of Tul)in'gen. Hcsidiiig at the theological hou.se of studies called Wilhelm.sstift he studied philosophy and theology, and also found time to attend courses on classical philology and political economy with such profit that in 186'2 he gained the prize offered by the